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Ethics > Equality > Flashcards

Equality Flashcards

1
Q

What is prejudice?

A

A (negative) preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.

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2
Q

Define discrimination

A

The unjust treatment of a category of people based on prejudice, usually on the grounds of race, age, or sex.

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3
Q

What does it say in article 1 of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights?

A

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

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4
Q

What is the name for discrimination based on gender (usually against women)?

A

Sexism

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5
Q

The Good Wife’s guide published in 1955 states that “a good wife always knows her……”

A

A good wife always knows her place.

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6
Q

In what year were women first allowed to own property?

A

1870

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7
Q

Which movement pushed for the right for women to have the vote in the UK and in what year were they successful?

A

The Suffragettes 1918

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8
Q

In what year did the Sex Discrimination Act make it illegal to discriminate against women in work, education and training?

A

1975

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9
Q

What proportion of women have been beaten, coerced into sex or otherwise abused in her lifetime?

A

1 out of 3 (according to a study based on 50 studies globally)

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10
Q

What percentage of her male colleagues wage will a female working in full time in the UK earn?

A

82 percent

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11
Q

What is the ratio of healthcare spending male:female and how does this effect men’s health as a whole?

A

£1 : £8 - Lower life expectancy, higher death and suicide rates

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12
Q

In what year was the website Everyday Sexism launched and how many entries did it have within 18 months?

A

2012 50,000 entries

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13
Q

What role does the Book of Genesis in the Bible play in forming Christian attitudes towards women?

A

Eve is created as the second human and from the rib of Adam. Her purpose is to be his partner and it is her who commits the ‘original sin’. All of this causes some Christians to believe that women are inferior.

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14
Q

What did Paul The Apostle say about women in church?

A

They should “learn in quietness and full submission”.

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15
Q

Galatians 3:28? There is neither…..

A

“There is neither Jew nor Gentile….nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.”

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16
Q

What is the Book of Esther about?

A

A young woman of Jewish heritage who is praised for her bravery as the queen of Persia who saved many from being killed.

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17
Q

Name two women who are important in the story of Jesus

A

Mary (his mother, also known as Queen of Heaven) Mary Magdalene

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18
Q

How did Jesus show kindness to a woman when she was just about to be punished for adultery?

A

He stopped a crowd from stoning her to death and lets her depart with the words “go and sin no more”.

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19
Q

Which Christian church do not ordain women as priests or bishops? Which other Church granted women the right to be priests in 1992 and have recently announced that females may be able to become Bishops in 2015?

A

The Roman Catholic Church does not ordain female priests/bishops. The Church of England

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20
Q

What did Rowan Williams, The Archbishop of Canterbury at the time, say when the Church of England voted against women being ordained as priests in 2012?

A

The church had lost a “measure of credibility”

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21
Q

What is the instruction to wives in the Bible Extract Ephesians 5:22?

A

“Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands as you do the lord” In Peter 3:7 it also states that women are the “weaker partner”.

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22
Q

Which religion has been widely criticised for its oppression of women continuing in the 21st century?

A

Islam

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23
Q

How is the story of creation in the Qur’an different to that in the Bible?

A

Adam and Eve are created at the same time and they both commit original sin. Muslims believe all humans are created from the same soul.

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24
Q

Which Islamic law states that divorce and a woman being victim to rape is punishable by stoning or whipping to death?

A

Sharia law

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25
Q

Name an Islamic country that prevents women from entering education, employment or being able to drive. Also name an Islamic extremist group with the same values.

A

Saudi Arabia The Taliban

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26
Q

What does 19 year old Sabrina Yusef say on her wearing of the hijab?

A

“I choose what people see and what people can’t see”

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27
Q

exhijabifashion.tumblr.com was founded by who and for what purpose?

A

By Hiba Krischt, to give women who felt they were oppressed and stop wearing hijab the opportunity to express themselves.

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28
Q

What is the Qur’an extract that states women (and men) must wear hijab?

A

“guard their private parts and not expose their adornment”

29
Q

Qur’an 3;195?

A

“whether male or female: you are of one another”

30
Q

What does the Qur’an say that advocates domestic violence?

A

“advise them, forsake them in bed and strike them”

31
Q

What percentage of white British muslim converts are believed to be female?

A

75 percent

32
Q

Which three practices that are present amongst some Muslim communities are condemned by modern British society?

A

FGM Honour killings Arranged marriage

33
Q

What are the arguments against women becoming priests/bishops? (4)

A
  • Jesus had 12 male apostles - In Holy Communion, the priest is supposed to represent Jesus and Jesus was a man - If the church does not agree on an issue, it should leave things as they are - “Women should learn in silence and all humility… I do not allow them to teach or have authority over men”
34
Q

List the arguments for women becoming priests/bishops (6)

A
  • Both women and men are baptised - Jesus was respectful of women - Priests should be representative of the whole church, male and female - The church must follow modern trends - Women now receive education just as men do - “you are all one in Jesus Christ”
35
Q

Between 2001 and 2011, how many new UK residents were immigrants?

A

2.1 million

36
Q

In the 2011 census, list the top three largest religious demographics

A

1) Christian 2) No religion 3) Muslim

37
Q

Name the 6 reasons why Britain has become a “multicultural society”

A

Invasion Immigration Slavery and trade Refugees UK government encouraging economic migration Inclusion in the European Union

38
Q

What are the advantages to multiculturalism in Britain? (5)

A
  • Larger workforce - Cultural awareness and accessibility - Encourages tolerance towards the ‘other’ - Contribution to politics, education and sport - Diversity of lifestyles
39
Q

List some disadvantages to multiculturalism in Britain (3)

A
  • Segregation/racial tension, recession blamed on migrants - Language barriers - Differing societal norms, groups can become offended
40
Q

What proportion of American black males can expect to go to prison in their lifetime?

A

1 in 3

41
Q

What percentage of British Pakistanis are worried about being harassed due to their race?

A

96 percent

42
Q

How many times more likely are black children likely to be excluded from school in the UK?

A

3 times more likely (2010 report featured in the New Statesman)

43
Q

Which bible tale is sometimes used to justify slavery?

A

The tale of Noah and Ham (Ham’s son Canaan was ordered to be a slave, he was black)

44
Q

What Christian extremist group are notorious for their white supremacist ideals and what was their goal?

A

The Ku Klux Klan Their aim was to “reestablish Protestant Christian values in America by any means possible”

45
Q

Which bible parable discourages racial discrimination?

A

The Parable of The Good Samaritan

46
Q

Name the church that supported South African Apartheid

A

The Dutch Reformed church

47
Q

Acts 10:34?

A

“God does not show favouritism but accepts from every nation”

48
Q

Name 2 Christians who fought against racism and the countries in which they did so

A

Martin Luther King - America Trevor Huddleston or Desmond Tutu - South Africa

49
Q

What is interfaith dialogue?

A

Cooperative, constructive and positive interactions between people of different faiths.

50
Q

What is the evangelical viewpoint?

A

The only path to salvation is to believe in the Christian God and teachings, in order to serve agape Evangelical Christians attempt to convert people of other faiths.

51
Q

What is a missionary?

A

People sent on religious missions to convert others to their faith, in Christianity it is believed that conversion is an act of love and one which prevents the individual from burning in hell. Jesus spread the message of Christianity and thus many people feel they must follow his example.

52
Q

Mark 16:15?

A

“Go into the world and preach the good news to all creation”

53
Q

Define pluralism/inclusivism

A

Pluralism is the view that there are many, equally valid paths to God and Christianity is just one of these.

54
Q

Name a well renowned pluralist

A

John Hick

55
Q

What is exclusivism?

A

Exclusivists hold the same view as evangelical Christians but may even believe that other religions are the influence of Satan.

56
Q

What is the Taize community?

A

An ecumenical monastic order

57
Q

What does ecumenism promote?

A

Unity amongst the worlds Christian Churches

58
Q

John 14:6?

A

“No one comes to the Father except through me”

59
Q

Who said “Yes I am, I am also a Muslim, a Christian, a Buddhist and a Jew”?

A

Mahatma Gandhi

60
Q

What did Voltaire say about freedom of thought?

A

“Think for yourself and let others enjoy the privilege of doing so too”

61
Q

In what year was Anthony Walker murdered?

A

2005

62
Q

How did Gee Walker regard her sons killers?

A

With forgiveness

63
Q

What are most Hindus supportive of and what do they tend not to do?

A

All efforts that lead to a pure and virtuous life, they tend not to proselytise

64
Q

List the arguments for everyone being entitled to their own religion (4 - 2 Christian)

A
  • It is a human right (freedom of thought and speech)
  • Religion is a private matter
  • “Give none offence, neither to the Jew nor Gentile”
  • Pluralist viewpoint
65
Q

What are the arguments against everyone being entitled to their own religion? (4 - 1 Christian)

A
  • Some religious beliefs may cause harm eg. Sharia Law - Religion is oppressive and ridiculous - A persons life may be more enriched through conversion - The Evangelical belief that “whoever does not believe will be condemned”
66
Q

What did Richard Dawkins say with regards to religion?

A

“I am against religion because it teaches us to be satisfied with not understanding the world.”

67
Q

In what year was Marie Wilson killed and under what circumstances? How did her father respond?

A

In 1987 a terrorist bomb went off at a Rememberance day parade Northern Ireland, killing Marie Wilson. Her father, Gordon (a committed Christian) appeared on TV later that day and said he had forgiven her killers.

68
Q

Why was Deborah important in the Bible?

A

She was a prophetess “…leading Israel at that time. She held court and the Israelites came to her to have their disputes settled”

69
Q

Fill in the gaps in this Bible teaching

“I now realise it is true that ………. does not show ……… but accepts men from every ……..”

Who says it?

A

“I now realise it is true that God does not show favouritism but accepts men from every nation”

  • Peter

Ethics (4 decks)

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