EQs

Question 1

Natural EQs

Answer 1

tectonic, volcanic, collapse, oceanic microseisms

Question 2

Anthropogenic

Answer 2

explosions, seismic noise (traffic), fluid injection, mining-induced

Question 3

What is an earthquake

Answer 3

accumulated elastic strain causes rupture of a rock along a fault. sudden transient motion

Question 4

Epicentre

Answer 4

location on earth’s surface immediately above the point of first energy release

Question 5

Hypocentre

Answer 5

location within the earth where the first energy is released

Question 6

Depth of earthquake below surface

Answer 6

focal depth

Question 7

Strain

Answer 7

measure of the amount of deformation that has been experienced by a volume of rock

Question 8

Stress

Answer 8

Force acting per unit area on any defined plane within the volume of rock (shear or normal)

Question 9

Epicentral distance

Answer 9

Distance from the epicentre to a seismic recording station

Question 10

Earthquake focal depths: Shallow, intermediate and deep

Answer 10

0-70, 70-300, 300-700

Question 11

Seismic hazard

Answer 11

pop density, building strength, infrastructure

Question 12

Gutenberg-Richter

Answer 12

frequency/magnitude

Question 13

Secondary natural hazards

Answer 13

ground shking, ground failure, landslides, avalanches, mud flows, liquefaction, subsidence, tsunamis

Question 14

Structural damage

Answer 14

Northridge 1994

Mexico 1985

Question 15

Tsunami generation

Answer 15

seafloor movement eg submarine EQs, landslides, volcanic eruptions

Question 16

source characteristics: tsunamis

Answer 16

runup height relative to local shelf bathymetry and costal morphology

Question 17

Submarine landlsides

Answer 17

slope failure submarine. may produce a tsunami

Question 18

determining EQ potential

Answer 18

instrumented records, historic, paleoseismology

work out probability