Benefits

Question 1

4 benefits

Answer 1

Minerals
Fertile Soils
Tourism
Geothermal

Question 2

Mineral deposits

Answer 2

metallogenesis: convergent and divergent

Question 3

Types of minerals

Answer 3

porphyry copper

high and low sulphidation epithermal (shallow, heated) ore deposits

Question 4

Hydrothermal vent fields

Answer 4

infiltration of sea water, heated by magma, precipitation of CaSO4, FeS, MnO2,

Question 5

Fertile Volcanic Soils and New Land

Answer 5

very fertile, emirical evidence. Mt St Helens increased Alaskan tree growth

Question 6

Tourism

Answer 6

Hot springs and geysers, health resorts,

Question 7

Geothermal energy ,

Answer 7

60 mWm-2 (milliwatts per metre sq) up to 300

Question 8

New Zealand

Answer 8

200-300 degrees at depths of 2km

Question 9

Origins of Geothermal Energy

Answer 9

radioactive decay (U, Th, K) Permeable rock (0.3%)

Question 10

Geothermal exploration

Answer 10

65% Iceland

3km deep production boreholes

Question 11

Types of geothermal

Answer 11

Dry steam, flash steam, binary

Question 12

Dry steam

Answer 12

Steam from underground resources, directly pipe steam

Question 13

Flash steam

Answer 13

Most common, hot water flows up and boils off, steam separated, leftover injected back

Question 14

Binary cycle

Answer 14

heat exchange, fluid with a low boiling point

Question 15

Hellisheidi, Iceland

Answer 15

Reykjavik heated almost entirely by hot water

Question 16

CCS

Answer 16

carbon capture and storage

Question 17

Basalt + CO2

Answer 17

Calcite

Question 18

Peridotite + CO2

Answer 18

Magnesite

Question 19

Peridotite + CO2 [2]

Answer 19

Siderite

Question 20

continental basalt

Answer 20

36-148bn tonnes of CO2

Question 21

caribbean basalt

Answer 21

1000-5500bn tons of CO2

Question 22

geothermal energy in greenhouses

Answer 22

Iceland