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BTC 3/24 - EQPS > EQPS - Radar Principles (Secondary) > Flashcards

EQPS - Radar Principles (Secondary) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Secondary radar? (1)

A

SECONDARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR

A SYSTEM OF RADAR USING GROUND INTERROGATORS AND AIRBORNE
TRANSPONDERS TO DETERMINE THE POSITION OF AIRCRAFT IN RANGE AND AZIMUTH, AND WHEN AGREED MODES AND CODES ARE USED, HEIGHT AND IDENTITY ALSO

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2
Q

What are the frequencies of an Interrogator & Transponder? (2)

A

Interrogator (on ground) - 1030Mhz

Transponder (aircraft) - 1090Mhz

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3
Q

What wavelength does SSR use? (1)

A

30cm

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4
Q

What is the Interrogator Process? (3)

A
  1. Communicates a request for identification information by transmitting MODE A pairs of pulses
  2. Vertical position information the interrogator transmits MODE C pairs of pulses
  3. Difference between Mode A + C is the timing between the pulses
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5
Q

What is the Reply Process? (3)

A
  1. The aircraft transponder recognises the interrogator Mode by the time interval
  2. Transponder response to an interrogation consists of a train of pulses containing binary bits of information
  3. Each of the binary bits in the information pulses can respond in one of two ways, either as a 0 or as a 1
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6
Q

Reply Process diagram

A
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7
Q

How many pulses are there in the Reply Process? (1)

A

12 INFORMATION PULSES

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8
Q

What is Mode A? (3)

A
  1. Binary bit is used to represent data in a form compatible with computer processing
  2. No more than 12 bits can be transmitted at a time
  3. Mode A = 4 numbers are needed (Squawk)
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9
Q

Mode A Binary process

A

Squawk code 4361 is:

100 011 110 001

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10
Q

How many possible combinations binary combinations for Mode A? (1)

A

4096

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11
Q

What is a Discrete Squawk Code? (5)

A
  1. Issued to individual aircraft
  2. Non Discrete
  3. Single codes issued to numerous aircraft
  4. Special codes
  5. Applied by aircraft on certain occasions
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12
Q

What is the benefit of having Mode A? (1)

A

Identifying aircraft

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13
Q

What is CCAMS? (1)

A

Centralised Code Assignment and Management System

(Developed by Eurocontrol and endorsed by ICAO)

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14
Q

What is a Participating Area (CCAMS)? (1)

A

A Groups of countries within a region for CCAMS

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15
Q

What is CCAMS designed for? (4)

A
  1. RTF
  2. Cockpit work-load
  3. Helps ATCOs in forward planning
  4. Assist in radar data processing & data exchange programmes
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16
Q

How many blocks of codes is an ACC allocated? (2)

A

2 blocks:

  1. Domestic codes
  2. International codes
17
Q

Who will assign a discrete code within the first airspace entered? (1)

A

ACC with jurisdiction of the airspace

18
Q

What is Conspicuity codes? (1)

A

Codes assigned to individual positions to identify aircraft being controlled by a particular unit to another unit

19
Q

Where are Conspicuity codes found? (1)

A

AIP

20
Q

What are the 3 special codes for emergencies? (3)

A

7500 - Unlawful interference
7600 - Radio failure
7700 - Aircraft emergency

21
Q

How many bits is used by Mode C? (2)

A

11 bits

Allows digits of 8 & 9
(e.g. FL090/A028)

22
Q

What is the maximum uplink capacity for Mode C? (1)

A

23 bits

23
Q

What pressure is referred to on Mode C? (1)

A

1013.2 hPa

24
Q

How is Altitude shown on a Situational Display? (1)

A

Local QNH & Transition Level is input to the computer processor

25
Q

What is Garbling? (2)

A

Unwanted Responses

False codes may be displayed if aircraft are so close to each other that their responses to Mode A interrogation overlap

26
Q

When can Garbling occur? (1)

A

When 2 A/C are close together to overlap their replies

(Usually happens when they pass over each other)

27
Q

How is Garbling overcome? (1)

A

A DE-GARBLER

28
Q

What is FRUIT? (2)

A

False Replies Un-synchronised In Time

When an interrogator receives a reply from a transponder which was triggered by another interrogator

29
Q

How is FRUIT removed? (1)

A

Defruiter

30
Q

How is Antenna shadowing mitigated? (1)

A

By placing more than one antenna

(Generally two: one on top of the aircraft and one at the bottom)

31
Q

What is Monopulse SSR? (3)

A
  • Single pulse
  • Averaging measurements made on several or all of the pulses received in a reply from the aircraft
  • FRUITING and GARBLING are minimised

Gives better accuracy

BTC 3/24 - EQPS (12 decks)

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