EQ4 - How Successful Is Regeneration Flashcards
What is the aim of regeneration
What are the three measures
Is to create a legacy of increased income and employment , and decreased poverty and deprivation
Economic changes, Demographic stability with social progress, Improvements in the living environment
What economic measures can be used to measure deprivation
What are the pros and cons
Measures Income, poverty, employment. Using Census Data, neighbourhood statistics , historical and current data
A: Gives overall sense of growth , easy to quantify, regular records
D: Research on success is inconclusive, time to have an effect can vary, do not know if pre-regeneration local residents are getting the new jobs
What social measures can be used to measure deprivation
Pros and cons
Measures reduction in inequality, reduction in deprivation, demographic changes. Uses interviews, newspapers, blogs and social media
A: can compare within an area, look at before and after to measure success
D: different people have different views on regeneration, Qualitative data is very subjective
What environmental measures can be used to measure
Deprivation
Pros and cons
Measures reduction in pollution and reduction in derelict land. Using photos , environmental surveys and pollution indicators
A: mix of qualitative and quantitative data , shows a physical difference regeneration causes
D: Using data like photos does not provide an accurate representation of a whole area, only a specific place
Describe the economic deprivation pattern in Dagenham
Highest levels are seen in the centre and west . Overall deprivation levels are mostly scattered across Dagenham and have no fixed pattern.
Has the lowest IMD in London
What are examples of social progress in Dagenham , use examples
Barking Town centre - refurbishment for retail, commercial and residential
Gascgoine estate - 1500 new homes, schools built
Barking Riverside - 11,000 new homes and 6000 new jobs created
What is the environmental progress in Dagenham
Pollution levels and derelict land
Dagneham has very low pollution levels , much lower than central London. Schemes to make area connected to Stratford and Barking Riverside to unlock new housing development , maximise economic regeneration potential and reduce congestion
Most development in Dagenham has occurred close to the river and near to Central London, where economic potential is highest. Old derelict land has been transformed into housing , hotels and shops
What do urban model regeneration strategies do
What do they result in
They take into account a broader range of public opinion
Has resulted in urban spaces being contested and led to disagreement other whether changes have caused positive or negative impacts for all local stakeholders
What is Private investment
Example in London Olympic park scheme
Occurs where the project will lead to benefits for companies or people.
In the olympic park , private sector retail led investment from Westfield led to 10,000 new jobs and a £1 billion annual turnover
What is public investment
Example in the London Olympic park scheme
Are projects viewed as too risky and costly for private investment , where the expected income is lower than the costs
The UK government funded the Olympic Games at a cost of £9.3 billion . These costs were recovered and led to a profit being made
What is mixed public - private investment
Example in the London Olympic Park scheme
Occurs where the cost is high but can be shared.
There was a partnership for the regeneration of the London Docklands . Led to the government (who gave land and financial grants) and property developers (created buildings, jobs and housing) partnering.
Why did public investment fund the Olympics and not private
Why did private investment fund Westfield and not the public
Private saw it as too costly and risky an investment
Public would not get any profits in return for it
Who were the stakeholders involved in the olympic park regeneration scheme
UK central government agency Local governments Regional government (London Assembly) Stakeholders in the Local Economy Environmental stakeholders Stakeholders in people
How were the UK central government agency involved in the olympic park regeneration scheme
Were they for or against regeneration
Funded by the government to oversee the legacy development
Was pro-regeneration scheme
How were the Local government
involved in the olympic park regeneration scheme
Were they for or against regeneration
4 London boroughs hosted the scheme but had no control over post olympic schemes
Was Pro-regeneration scheme
How were the Regional government involved in the olympic park regeneration scheme
Were they for or against regeneration
Responsible for effective transportation and supporting the expansion of housing
Was pro-regeneration scheme
How were the stakeholders in the local economy involved in the olympic park regeneration scheme
Were they for or against regeneration
207 locally owned businesses and also local residents were compensated to move , had to relocate
Was against regeneration
How were the environmental stakeholders involved in the olympic park regeneration scheme
Were they for or against regeneration
Area was cleaned up and re landscaped to have rising number of species
Was pro-regeneration scheme
How were the stakeholders in people involved in the olympic park regeneration scheme
Were they for or against regeneration
Housing is very expensive with a lack of affordable housing . Housing aimed at the wealthy
A mix of pro-regeneration and against regeneration
What were the benefits and drawbacks of regeneration in the London Olympic park scheme locally
A: Upgraded technology, sales revenue is higher than before, improved East London’s brand as a place to visit and live, attracted investment , office developments
D: old residents and businesses were forced out
What were the benefits and drawbacks of regeneration in the London Olympic Park nationally
A: Upgraded technology , UK grew economically, better international transport links
D: Residents outside London did not have access to olympic park services
What were the reasons for agreements between :
- Local governments and environmental stakeholders
-Stakeholders in people and regional governments
In the London Olympic Park scheme
They somewhat agreed as the area has more green space, but more pollution due to increased number of people
Both had the same views on the expansion of housing
What were the reasons for disagreements between :
- Local governments and Local Stakeholders
- Regional governments and local stakeholders
Disagreed as they were responsible for forcing people and businesses out of the area
Disagreed as regional governments were responsible for the expansion of housing which saw local residents forced out
Where are the areas of high conflict found
Urban-rural fringe
Greenbelts
National parks
How can government policies benefit rural regeneration schemes
Defra (department for environment food and rural affairs) enable locals to run their own community buildings and facilities (pubs and village shops)
Explain a mixed success rural regeneration scheme in the Earth centre, Doncaster
Cost £55million to regenerate into a environmental tourist centre
Failed to attract target audience, shut in 2004
Since been turned into a children’s outdoor adventure centre
Explain a community led rural regeneration scheme in Llanmador , Wales
Remote rural village dominated by second homes
150 locals paid £5000 to open a community shop, post office and cafe
Successful for both locals and tourists
Grants given by Welsh government and Swansea city council
Explain the rural regeneration project of The Eden Project, Cornwall
A £140 million environmental and educational centre
Generated £1 billion for the cornish economy
Attracted 13 million visitors
Employed 700 people
What were the problems with the rural regeneration Eden Project , Cornwall - rural disadvantage
Private sector is relied upon due to cuts in public funding
Has a low population density , less attraction from investors
Young residents leave the area for jobs
20% of cornwall population earn less than living wage
Explain Match Funding
Was aimed to reduce the risks faced by new businesses through matching the capital raised by individual businesses to help them survive and thrive in the long term
Who were the stakeholders involved in Cornwall’s rural regeneration scheme
Eu Uk central government agency Local government Stakeholders in Local economy Environmental stakeholders Stakeholders in people
How were the EU stakeholders in Cornwall’s regeneration scheme
Convergence funding has been granted to Cornwall since 1999
How were the UK central government agency stakeholders in Cornwall’s regeneration scheme
Past investment grants for Cornwall have been cut
How were the local government stakeholders in the Cornwall regeneration scheme
Cornwall council has no start up funding to offer potential businesses
How were the stakeholders in the local economy stakeholders in the Rurel regeneration scheme in Cornwall
Biggest industries are tourism, food an farming, want greater economic expansion
How were environmental stakeholders stakeholders in the regeneration scheme in Cornwall
Cornwalls biggest asset is its scenery . Has huge potential fo wave and wind renewable energy
How were stakeholders in people stakeholders in the Cornwall regeneration scheme
Led to increased education facilities, combined universities
Explain the watergate bay project as part of the rural Cornwall Regeneration scheme
Benefits and drawbacks
Included an extreme water sports centre on the coast to attract younger tourists. Also had a hotel and a restaurant, training disadvantaged young people in culinary.
B
Attracts younger tourists
Increased employment
Gives young people a chance to train in a profession
Diversifies the economy and makes use of environment
D
May effect tourism industry for younger people, quite
Explain the combined university as part of the rural Cornwall regeneration scheme
Benefits and drawbacks
A combined university to study in and also encourages people to set up their own businesses
B
Prevents younger people leaving
Improves business for bars/pubs and rental market
Diversifies the economy from majority primary sector
Prevents brain drain
D
Students may still leave after studying to seek better paid jobs in urban areas
Explain the Wave hub project as part of the rural Cornwall regeneration project
Benefits and drawbacks
Public investment into using Cornwall’s coastline to provide wave energy
B
£76 million will be generated for Cornwall’s economy over 25 years
Provides 170 jobs
Sustainable as it is a renewable energy scheme
Diversifies the economy to create a new wave power industry
D
Damages natural habitats and migration patterns
Explain the superfast broadband project as part of the rural Cornwall regeneration scheme
Benefits and drawbacks
Ultrafast broadband installed to improve Cornwall’s communications
B Attracts people and investment Generates £200 million a year Created 2000 jobs D Relies heavily on private funding Increased house prices and cost of living due to increased demand
Evaluate whether rural areas should rely on public funding or not
For
Had lowest average earnings in England, economic deprivation, public funding needed to boost local economy
Public funding will reduce crowding pressures on urban areas as less people will move away from Cornwall if investment takes place
Public funding into projects ,like Wave Hub, will benefit the whole country
Against
Has many seasonal part time workers, public funding may not be significant in increasing employment
Has a lower population than urban areas, public funding will benefit more people in urban areas
What can be used to measure the success of a regeneration scheme
Lived experience- gains personal insights from different groups in society
Visual data - comparing how an area looked before and after , can gain an insight into environmental improvement
Statistical data - measures overall change economically, socially and environmentally
