EQ1- How And Why Do Places Vary

Question 1

Define Place (7)

Answer 1

Can be completely artificial urban areas (c.london) or modified rural landscapes
May vary in characteristics
Are shaped by internal or external connections
Place boundaries can be fixed or fluid (greenbelt)
Different meaning to individuals (work, leisure)
Places change

Question 2

Explain the 5 Economic sectors

Answer 2

Primary : extraction of raw materials 
Secondary : manufacturing and processing 
Tertiary : Services 
Quaternary : Technology based jobs
Quinary: management/consultancy

Question 3

What are the employment types

Answer 3

Informal/formal
Self employed
Full time/part time
Temporary/permanent

Question 4

What is the Clarke- Fisher model

Answer 4

A graph used to show the changes in the employment of the different economic sectors

Question 5

How can you measure change in a location

Answer 5

Land use changes
Demographic changes (migration)
Employment trends
Economic productivity

Question 6

What is Index of Multiple Deprivation and how is it used

Answer 6

Places are ranked by their relative level of deprivation

It is used by governments to target regeneration aid , allocate resources and target hotspots of crime

Question 7

How is IMD measured

Answer 7

Land use changes
Employment trends
Demographic changes
Levels of deprivation

Question 8

What do the IMD numbers mean

Answer 8

The higher the IMD number, the more deprived an area is

Question 9

What is spearman’s rank correlation coefficient

Answer 9

A technique used to show the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.

E.g. The correlation between IMD and % of people with bad health.

Question 10

What are factors effecting the changing circumstances of places

Answer 10

Physical factors
Accessibility and connectedness
Historical development
Local and national planning

Question 11

Define functions

Answer 11

Determined by the type of people who live there and the many influences on their life

Question 12

Define demographic characteristics

Answer 12

The people who live in an area ; their age and ethnicity

Question 13

What are examples of function changes

Answer 13

Administrative - ways for people to organise their life with things like banks and courts
Commercial
Retail
Industrial

Question 14

What are examples of demographic changes

Answer 14

Gentrification - rebranding of areas which involves an influx of wealth
Age structure
Ethnic composition - changes of ethnicities in an area through different migration patterns

Question 15

What change led to the decline of the London Docklands

Answer 15

During the war it was bombed very badly
The ships could no longer fit into the docks due to containerisation
Goods were being moved quicker by air travel
Better ports elsewhere

Question 16

What was the reasons for change in the London docklands

Answer 16

Between 1973 and 1983 over 12,000 jobs were lost
Lots of derelict buildings which gave a bad image
The population in east london declined by 100,000 between 1971 and 1981
Increasing levels of deprivation and crime

Question 17

What re-imaging and re-branding was done in the London Doclands

Answer 17

The government let businesses make decisions about it, focusing on economic growth, infrastructure and housing
Canary wharf has become Londons CBD where there are more high-rise buildings and high earning jobs
Improved transport developments to make it accessible (London city airport, DLR)
Demographic has changed so much younger people love and work there

Question 18

What are the remaining problems from the regeneration of the London Docklands

Answer 18

Communities have been broken up
High levels of deprivation in Tower Hamlets and Newham
Tower Hamlets has the lowest average life expectancy in London (77)

Question 19

Name 5 ways of measuring change

Answer 19

Index of Multiple Deprivation
Census/ONS
Dot and Chloropleth map
Photographs
Population Pyramid

Question 20

Define connections

Answer 20

Any type of physical, social or online linkages between places. Places may keep some of their characteristics or change them as a result

Question 21

What are the regional influences which have shaped Hackney

Answer 21

Its transport links makes it very well connected to London

Has leisure activities like victoria park for people to use, changing the social characteristics

Question 22

What are the national influences which have shaped Hackney

Answer 22

Labour government who focuses on social development
The development of Canary Wharf and Stratford has led to major economic development in the area
Emerging cross rail has led to house price growth

Question 23

What are the international factors which have shaped Hackney

Answer 23

In 2016 the EU planned to make more affordable housing in the area.
Has a large Jewish, Black and Turkish community, twinned with South Africa

Question 24

What are the Global influences which have shaped Hackney

Answer 24

High broadband speeds means connections globally, leads to social communication and global trading
Global TNC’s like Nike, Burberry and UGG have located in Hackney walk which brings economic benefits

Question 25

What are the regional influences which have shaped Kingston

Answer 25

Lots of train stations and the A3 means it has good links to London.
Has good retail leisure facilities
Kingston University supports enterprise in the area

Question 26

What are the national influences which have shaped Kingston

Answer 26

Run by the Liberal democrats who have a focus on environmental development
Few trade links to the rest of the UK as its not a manufacturing area

Question 27

What are the international influences which have shaped Kingston

Answer 27

Schools get partial finance through the European social fund
European funded projects to help reduce human inequalities
Newly arrived foreign women are taught English
Better IMD than the average in the UK

Question 28

What are the Global factors which have shaped Kingston

Answer 28

Multiple TNC’s in the retail sector to attract tourism

The good internet in the area means it is well socially connected to the rest of the world

Question 29

Define identity

Answer 29

The way an area is seen by people

Question 30

What is the age data for kingston and Hackney

Answer 30

68.4 % of pop is 16-64 (young population)

Age 25-34 is highest age percentage (young population)

Question 31

What is the ethnicity data for Kingston and Hackney

Answer 31

74. 4 % white and 32% of children have english as their second language
75. 2 % white and is an area of superdiversity

Question 32

What is the housing data for Kingston and Hackney

Answer 32

228 new housing units in kingston in 2011, affordable housing is slowly increasing

8,261 new homes in Hackney in 2011 and most is private and council rented.

Question 33

What is the Employment data for Kingston and Hackney

Answer 33

Employment rate is 72.8%, higher than UK and London average

Largest sector is public services and knowledge sectors, lowest is finance at 2.7%

Question 34

What is the qualification data for Kingston and Hackney

Answer 34

13% have no qualifications, higher than London and Uk average.

Qualifications have increased to 50% and has a similarly qualified workforce to London average

Question 35

How can changing identity occur

Answer 35

Changing patterns

New cultures and ethnicities

Digital communications in rural areas have bridged the physical gap between communities, creating a new virtual identity

Question 36

Summarise what demographics show about Kingstons and Hackenys social identity

Answer 36

Kingston is less diverse so peoples lives are very similar. Has a young population so has an identity of leisure culture

Hackney is an area of superdiversity meaning peoples lives are very different in the area.

Question 37

Summarise what employment and qualification data shows about Kingston and Hackneys identity

Answer 37

Kingston have high qualification and employment numbers with high incomes , meaning cost of living is higher shown by the lack of affordable homes

Hackney have low qualifications and jobs in the sectors of lower incomes, meaning cost of living in the area is less, shown by the increase in affordable housing

Question 38

How does projected growth impact Kingston and Hackney

Answer 38

In kingston the population will grow and will become more diverse, bringing new cultures. The population will become older, meaning a less economically active population

In hackney the population will grow and will see an increase in jobs in the quinary and quaternary sector, will gain a more diverse population