EQ1- How And Why Do Places Vary Flashcards
Define Place (7)
Can be completely artificial urban areas (c.london) or modified rural landscapes
May vary in characteristics
Are shaped by internal or external connections
Place boundaries can be fixed or fluid (greenbelt)
Different meaning to individuals (work, leisure)
Places change
Explain the 5 Economic sectors
Primary : extraction of raw materials Secondary : manufacturing and processing Tertiary : Services Quaternary : Technology based jobs Quinary: management/consultancy
What are the employment types
Informal/formal
Self employed
Full time/part time
Temporary/permanent
What is the Clarke- Fisher model
A graph used to show the changes in the employment of the different economic sectors
How can you measure change in a location
Land use changes
Demographic changes (migration)
Employment trends
Economic productivity
What is Index of Multiple Deprivation and how is it used
Places are ranked by their relative level of deprivation
It is used by governments to target regeneration aid , allocate resources and target hotspots of crime
How is IMD measured
Land use changes
Employment trends
Demographic changes
Levels of deprivation
What do the IMD numbers mean
The higher the IMD number, the more deprived an area is
What is spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
A technique used to show the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.
E.g. The correlation between IMD and % of people with bad health.
What are factors effecting the changing circumstances of places
Physical factors
Accessibility and connectedness
Historical development
Local and national planning
Define functions
Determined by the type of people who live there and the many influences on their life
Define demographic characteristics
The people who live in an area ; their age and ethnicity
What are examples of function changes
Administrative - ways for people to organise their life with things like banks and courts
Commercial
Retail
Industrial
What are examples of demographic changes
Gentrification - rebranding of areas which involves an influx of wealth
Age structure
Ethnic composition - changes of ethnicities in an area through different migration patterns
What change led to the decline of the London Docklands
During the war it was bombed very badly
The ships could no longer fit into the docks due to containerisation
Goods were being moved quicker by air travel
Better ports elsewhere
What was the reasons for change in the London docklands
Between 1973 and 1983 over 12,000 jobs were lost
Lots of derelict buildings which gave a bad image
The population in east london declined by 100,000 between 1971 and 1981
Increasing levels of deprivation and crime
What re-imaging and re-branding was done in the London Doclands
The government let businesses make decisions about it, focusing on economic growth, infrastructure and housing
Canary wharf has become Londons CBD where there are more high-rise buildings and high earning jobs
Improved transport developments to make it accessible (London city airport, DLR)
Demographic has changed so much younger people love and work there
What are the remaining problems from the regeneration of the London Docklands
Communities have been broken up
High levels of deprivation in Tower Hamlets and Newham
Tower Hamlets has the lowest average life expectancy in London (77)
Name 5 ways of measuring change
Index of Multiple Deprivation Census/ONS Dot and Chloropleth map Photographs Population Pyramid
Define connections
Any type of physical, social or online linkages between places. Places may keep some of their characteristics or change them as a result
What are the regional influences which have shaped Hackney
Its transport links makes it very well connected to London
Has leisure activities like victoria park for people to use, changing the social characteristics
What are the national influences which have shaped Hackney
Labour government who focuses on social development
The development of Canary Wharf and Stratford has led to major economic development in the area
Emerging cross rail has led to house price growth
What are the international factors which have shaped Hackney
In 2016 the EU planned to make more affordable housing in the area.
Has a large Jewish, Black and Turkish community, twinned with South Africa
What are the Global influences which have shaped Hackney
High broadband speeds means connections globally, leads to social communication and global trading
Global TNC’s like Nike, Burberry and UGG have located in Hackney walk which brings economic benefits
What are the regional influences which have shaped Kingston
Lots of train stations and the A3 means it has good links to London.
Has good retail leisure facilities
Kingston University supports enterprise in the area
What are the national influences which have shaped Kingston
Run by the Liberal democrats who have a focus on environmental development
Few trade links to the rest of the UK as its not a manufacturing area
What are the international influences which have shaped Kingston
Schools get partial finance through the European social fund
European funded projects to help reduce human inequalities
Newly arrived foreign women are taught English
Better IMD than the average in the UK
What are the Global factors which have shaped Kingston
Multiple TNC’s in the retail sector to attract tourism
The good internet in the area means it is well socially connected to the rest of the world
Define identity
The way an area is seen by people
What is the age data for kingston and Hackney
68.4 % of pop is 16-64 (young population)
Age 25-34 is highest age percentage (young population)
What is the ethnicity data for Kingston and Hackney
- 4 % white and 32% of children have english as their second language
- 2 % white and is an area of superdiversity
What is the housing data for Kingston and Hackney
228 new housing units in kingston in 2011, affordable housing is slowly increasing
8,261 new homes in Hackney in 2011 and most is private and council rented.
What is the Employment data for Kingston and Hackney
Employment rate is 72.8%, higher than UK and London average
Largest sector is public services and knowledge sectors, lowest is finance at 2.7%
What is the qualification data for Kingston and Hackney
13% have no qualifications, higher than London and Uk average.
Qualifications have increased to 50% and has a similarly qualified workforce to London average
How can changing identity occur
Changing patterns
New cultures and ethnicities
Digital communications in rural areas have bridged the physical gap between communities, creating a new virtual identity
Summarise what demographics show about Kingstons and Hackenys social identity
Kingston is less diverse so peoples lives are very similar. Has a young population so has an identity of leisure culture
Hackney is an area of superdiversity meaning peoples lives are very different in the area.
Summarise what employment and qualification data shows about Kingston and Hackneys identity
Kingston have high qualification and employment numbers with high incomes , meaning cost of living is higher shown by the lack of affordable homes
Hackney have low qualifications and jobs in the sectors of lower incomes, meaning cost of living in the area is less, shown by the increase in affordable housing
How does projected growth impact Kingston and Hackney
In kingston the population will grow and will become more diverse, bringing new cultures. The population will become older, meaning a less economically active population
In hackney the population will grow and will see an increase in jobs in the quinary and quaternary sector, will gain a more diverse population
