EQ4: How successful is regeneration? Flashcards
What indicators can be used to measure globalisation?
Economic, demographic, social and environmental indicators.
If regeneration has been successful, what should an area show?
Signs of improved economic performance and quality of life
What is a key indicator of successful regeneration?
Population change. Demographic growth indicates that areas are popular and people are moving in.
What does demographic refer to?
The population total numbers and structure (age groups and males vs females balance)
What has happened to Liverpool’s population since 1961?
Population declined from 683,000 in 1961 to 439,000 in 2001. However the 2011 census showed an increase to 466,000 - the first growth in 50 years. Suggests Liverpool’s long period of regeneration has paid off.
What is studentification?
The domination of residential neighbourhoods by student households resulting from an influx of students, and the associated social, cultural, and environmental changes that this process brings.
What are the negative effects of studentification?
- physical mess and noise
- the transient nature of the population
- increase in anti-social behaviour
- transient occupation engenders a lack of community integration and cohesion and less commitment to maintain the quality of the local environment. This could develop a gradually self-reinforcing unpopularity of the area for families wishing to bring up children
- the inflation of property prices and a change in the balance of the housing stock as neighbourhoods become dominated by private rented accommodation and houses of multiple occupation, and decreasing levels of owner-occupation
- unkempt properties, squalor and dereliction
- increased pressure on services
- traffic problems
What is a positive effect of studentification?
Students tend to increase the levels of spending in
the local economy and improve the opportunities for spin-off companies, educational, cultural and other arts events etc.
In Liverpool 1981 - 1998, how many jobs did the Merseyside Development Corporation create?
22,000 jobs.
Merseyside Development Corporation created 22,000 jobs between 1981 and 1998 and attracted £700,000 of private investment. Between 1998 and 2008 a further 25,000 jobs were created.
Between 1998 and 2008 how many more jobs were created in Liverpool?
A further 25,000
But in Liverpool 2011, how much childhood poverty was there?
32.5%
compared to the England average in 2011 which was 20.1%.
What did a report by the Work Foundation in 2013 show about inequality?
- the top five most unequal cities (based on differences in wages) were London, Reading, Bracknell, Portsmouth, Guildford and Aberdeen.
- the top five most equal cities were Bradford, Plymouth, Barnsley, Stoke and Burnley.
Overall, what did the 2013 Work Foundation report shows about equality levels across the UK?
Overall, northern cities were much more equal than their more successful southern counterparts, because most people are poor.
What is social progress?
How a community improves its quality of life, health and welfare over time.
How can social progress be measured?
By reductions in inequalities both between areas and within them, improvements in social measures of deprivation and in demographic changes (improvements in life expectancy and reductions in health deprivation)
