EQ3: How is regeneration managed?

Question 1

What is the UK government responsible for in regeneration?

Answer 1

Planning regulation and regeneration policies, as well as major infrastructure investment and immigration, which provides a national context for local regeneration.

Question 2

Why is rebranding an important element of regeneration?

Answer 2

It attempts to change people’s perception of places, both urban and rural.

Question 3

Where does most of the funding come from during regeneration?

Answer 3

National government (and the EU) in the form of grants.

Question 4

Why is the future of EU regeneration funding unclear?

Answer 4

Brexit - UK’s decision to exit the EU.

Question 5

From 1950 - 1980, what was the regeneration policy?

Answer 5

Regional Policy & New Towns

Question 6

What did the “Regional Policy & New Towns” policy do?

Answer 6

Grants were directed at depressed regions, supported by new road development and the movement of government jobs out of London into the regions.

New towns were built as inner city slums were cleared.

Question 7

From 1980 - 2000, what was the regeneration policy?

Answer 7

Urban Development Corporations (UDCs) and Single Reneration Budget (SRB)

Question 8

What did the “Urban Development Corporations (UDCs) and Single Reneration Budget (SRB)” do?

Answer 8

Focus on inner-city regeneration in deindustrialised areas in northern cities and London, led by quangos which were free from local council control and many normal planning regulations.

Question 9

What is a quango? (quasi-autonomous governmental organisation)

Answer 9

An organisation given the power to do a task that might be expected to be done by the government. They are government funded, but act independently.

Question 10

From 1998 - 2010, what was the regeneration policy?

Answer 10

Regional Development Agencies (RDAs)

Question 11

What did the “Urban Development Corporations (UDCs) and Single Reneration Budget (SRB)” policy consist of?

Answer 11

Regeneration was led by RDAs which decided how to spend government grants within large regions, like the North East and South West.

Question 12

Post 2010, what was the regeneration policy?

Answer 12

Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs) - much more local policy.

Question 13

What did “Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs)” do?

Answer 13

Focused on regeneration and job creation in specific small areas. There were about 40 LEPs in England in 2015.

Question 14

What has a feature of the UK since the 1950s been?

Answer 14

A distinct North-South divide.

Question 15

What is the North-South divide?

Answer 15

The difference in wealth between the industrial North, Midlands, and North West and the more prosperous South and East of the UK.

Question 16

How has national infrastructure investment tried to reduce the North-South divide?

Answer 16

By improving transport accessibility in order to improve economic growth:

• the UK motorway network, begun in the 1950s, has attempted to reduce road travel times between regions
• the proposed High Speed Rail network between London, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester and Leeds is a planned attempt to connect the poorer regions to the economic core in London and the South East.
• since the 1960s, there has been considerable investment in regional airports like Newcastle, Manchester and Glasgow.

​Local regeneration takes place within the context of these national developments.