EQ4 Flashcards
Evaluate the success of improvements to an urban living space for different stakeholders (20)
different stakeholders which are local and national government, local businesses and residents measure their success differently depending on stakeholders as local businesses are likely to see economic success and residents are more likely to see management as more successful if there are social success.
Local Community groups in urban areas such as Aik Saath are likely to see the management of social improvements. Aik saath began to tackle tensions between gangs of young Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs. This is a charity that focuses on young people in schools and places of worship. Its aim is to increase centripetal forces in slough to bring people together. For example, they work with educators and teachers on themes such as extremism and anti-racism and organise workshops in primary and secondary school and training young people to deal with sensitive topics. however, in other areas which have management schemes, stakeholders such as the local businesses may not see the project as successful because there are high rates of violent crime which acts as a deterrent for both residents and visitors from around the area
moreover, residents are likely to see the management of an area as more successful if there are social improvements such as increased education level and new community spaces and economic improvements. This can be seen in slough, where the council has created a new cultural learning centre with a library, adult education facility, cafes and performances centre. This has led to the further introduction of young people in the area and therefore a certain level of vibrancy and culture. also, the town’s proximity to Heathrow has led many TNCs to establish offices there for example, the O2, Blackberry, Nintendo, mars and dulux. Therefore, this has improved the slough as more local people are employed into the workforce which then creates revenue and taxes to be used in improving the services in slough.
furthermore, the stakeholders in the local economy in Berkshire are likely to see the management of the area as successful due to the fact that house prices have risen by 20% more than the London average (2006 - 2019),the rise of house prices contributes to the success of management as it means that the area has a positive perception from outsiders and higher revenue more generally due to stamp duty. But the housing issue in slough is the greatest problem. The greatest need is for affordable rented housing, e.g. the local council has 7000 properties and a waiting of 7000. The pressure is growing as cuts to housing benefits force many low-wage earners to move out of London to commuter towns such as slough, so therefore this is a positive improvement for the local stakeholders. however, local government are unlikely to see the management of slough to the negative perception of the area due to the history of crime and tensions in the area due to religion.
Overall, stakeholders in urban areas clearly have different criteria for measuring success in urban areas like slough. stakeholders in slough have implemented strategies into their local community in order to improve their area. There have been drastic improvements in slough, improving services and providing the residents of slough better quality of life.
Evaluate the success of managing change in rural communities for different stakeholders (20)
different stakeholders include the local residents, local businesses, local council/government
lake district where since 2006 the area has been managed by the Lake District National Partnership to increase tourism so that there are high quality and unique experiences for visitors and in Cornwall
trying to improve the country’s economy from primary to tertiary sector.
For example, the lake district is the largest park within Cumbria that hosts 42,400 permanent residents and at least 15.8 million visitors yearly due to the tourist attractions such as the Beatrix potter museums which attract many visitors. A 1% increase in cultural visitors adds an extra £20 million into the local economy. There is a shortage of houses in the lake district. Around 15% of the homes in the lake district are second homes of holiday lets. New homes are scarcely built due to the development limits to protect the national park, which might disrupt wildlife and destroy habitats. With the shortage of housing, many young people will have to move out of the lake district due to the increase in incoming tourist visitors inhabiting. success can be managed by the local council if there are social improvements in the area such as increased visitors to the area and therefore an appreciation of the local culture and heritage
increased tourism due to more infrastructure in place because of successful management. however, it can be argued that this has led to environmental damage and therefore may not be seen as successful.
Moreover, the local residents are likely to see the Eden project as a success if there is an improved sense of community and improvements to residential areas one of the aims of the project was to create more vibrant communities where people successfully live, work and relax, this can be seen as successful as this consists of two large conservatories which exhibit major plant types, plus an education centre about sustainable living and a youth hostel. This project has been successful because it generated £1.1 billion for Cornwall’s economy which can be used in improving infrastructure and services in Cornwall. This has increased employment in other tourist-related business in Cornwall and it has directly employed 650 people and helped to sustain 3000 related jobs in tourism sector. The project has extended tourism as a year-round sector by providing tourists with a destination for a rainy day. This was successful as the unemployment rate has reduced drastically.
finally, local government also are more likely to see the management as successful if there are economic gains in certain sectors which therefore contributes to a prosperous economy. The public sector (NHS and Cornwall Council) is Cornwall’s largest employer. Since 2010, Cornwall Council has had no startup funding, so they offer rebates on business taxes as part of its enterprise zone at Newquay therefore increasing funding for the NHS to run their services in Cornwall. Local enterprise partnership supports business growth, but little funding is available, and it only helps with exports training or startup advice. Therefore, this is partially successful in managing change in Cornwall because it has improved NHS services, but it hinders business from growing and developing as there is little funding put in place for business.
Overall, stakeholders in rural areas clearly have different criteria for managing their change to lake district and Cornwall. stakeholders in both lake district and Cornwall have implemented strategies into their local community to improve their area. There have been drastic improvements in lake district and Cornwall, improving services and providing the residents of lake district and Cornwall better quality of life.
Evaluate the success of attempts to manage cultural issues in diverse places (20)
Cultural issues can be managed through different opportunities and strategies such as regeneration. Other factors like, levels of income and assimilation house prices and community engagement are used to manage cultural issues and inequalities in diverse places. However, Regeneration is more significant than level of income and house prices as regeneration is a strategy to improve an area and regenerate a better quality of life. Overall, regeneration can be successful to manage cultural issues.
In Stratford, regeneration took place for the 2012 Olympics Games. Affordable rents of the new homes were still unaffordable to Newham’s poorest. Unemployment rose in other boroughs as people travelled where the best jobs were. Many people living in Newham didn’t have the skills to get a job, so missed out on the opportunities instead of being trained Poorer housing had to be demolished to build the Olympic site Stratford got a tube station, which now makes it the second most connected place in London
Stratford received Westfield Shopping Centre which gave a major retail boost and thousands of jobs
The Olympics brought a £9 billion investment into London and generated 10 billion in extra income for the Uk economy All of the Olympic venues were sold, many old buildings, e.g. the Olympic media centre for £300 million, now offices470,000 overseas tourists The Olympic stadium costed £701 million 3 times its estimate £8.77 billion on tax payers money contributed to the Olympics Rents have gone up since the games.
Although average incomes in London are higher than in the rest of the UK, poverty there has increased - largely due to the high cost of housing. Between 1995 and 2015, general inflation in the UK (e.g. of food and services) rose by 73%, but house prices in many parts of London rose by up to 1000%! Households in London now spend up to 60% of their income on housing, compared with a UK average of 25%. After housing costs are deducted, inner London now has the UK’s highest poverty rate. Many people can no longer afford to live in large areas of London. This situation has worsened since 2010, due to government cuts to housing benefits, which particularly affects low-income households - and, therefore, more ethnic minorities. this is less significant because more people are more likely to move of out London due to the rising house price and move to the suburbs or the rural areas to find comfort.
Although London is extremely diverse, the degree to which different ethnic groups become assimilated varies considerably. One of the ways in which cultural assimilation can be measured is by measuring voter turnout during elections. Historically, General Elections have higher turnouts than Local Elections. Nationally, for example, there was a 66.1% turnout in the 2015 General Election, but only about 30% for Local Elections. Ethnicity and deprivation affect voting behaviour - to quote the news website, East London Lines, the poor don’t vote. However, ethnicity can sometimes increase the likelihood of voting. Ed Fieldhouse, Professor at Manchester University, found that voting in the 2001 General Election was greater within East London’s Bangladeshi community than amongst Londoners as a whole - even though the area was poorer. He believes that people vote where they have faced prejudice, or exploitation at work, and that traditions of community organisation have transferred there from Bangladesh.The East London Mosque and London Muslim Centre in Tower Hamlets. This borough contains the UK’s largest Muslim community, and it holds community open days (an initiative encouraged by the Muslim Council of Britain), so that people of other faiths can see a mosque and understand its part in Muslim life.
Overall cultural issues of diverse places can be managed successfully due to regeneration and other factors. Regeneration has brought pros but also cons to Stratford. It contains the Westfield shopping Centre which generated 10,000 jobs in retail/hospitality sector therefore increasing employment and economic growth in Newham but however, boroughs in east London like Dagenham, barking and tower hamlets, especially tower hamlets which remains one of the poorest borough in spite of the fact it contains Canary Wharf and the development of this place only generated a few local jobs. But in these boroughs, there have been obvious improvements in quality of life but also shows a high level of deprivation in these areas
