EQ3 Sustainability and environmental concerns key words

Question 1

Income per capita ?

Answer 1

mean avg income of a group of ppl

Question 2

pro’s and con’s of income per capita ?

Answer 2

+ Calculated by taking an aggregate source of income for a country and dividing it by pop. size to give. crude avg.
- this can give a misleadingly high ‘typical’ figure if large numbers of high-earners inflate the mean

Question 3

GDP?

Answer 3

the final value of the output of goods and services inside a nations borders, including the value added by any foreign-owned businesses that have located operations there.

Question 4

pro’s and cons of GDP use?

Answer 4

+ Most widely used aggregate measure , therefore has long history which can be used to compare figures and growth
- every citizen and businesses earnings must be accounted for, including illegal or unregistered work in the informal sector, skewing developing countries’ GDP values
+ each country’s GDP is converted into US dollars , making it easier to compare between countries
- currency exchange rates are constantly changing , making it unreliable

Question 5

economic sector balance ?

Answer 5

• a formula devised by each country that estimate that different sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing make to total national income.

Question 6

pro’s and cons of economic sector balance ?

Answer 6

+ Examines industrial change over time in greater detail
+ used in calculation of GDP
- fails to recognise that informal sector still contributes to a country’s national income.

Question 7

Human development index?

Answer 7

• a composite measure that ranks countries according to economic criteria and social criteria.
• used in it’s Current form since 2010

Question 8

Pro’s and cons of HDI?

Answer 8

+ considers social not just economic criteria, taking things like quality of life into account.

• fails to take into account factors such as inequality, poverty, and gender disparity.
• wealthy countries with smaller populations tend to do better in rankings, Nordic countries.

Question 9

gender inequality index?

Answer 9

composite index that measures gender inequalities related to 3 aspects of social and Econ. dev. ;

• reproductive health
• empowerment
• labour force and participation rate of both genders aged 15 yrs or older

Question 10

pro’s and cons of GII ?

Answer 10

• fails to consider the new gender’s that have emerged , disregard for the new wave of LGBTQ that now accounts for a sig. prop. of pop.

Question 11

environmental quality?

Answer 11

Measurement of five environmental domains: air, water, land, built and sociodemographic

Question 12

pro’s and con’s of environmental quality?

Answer 12

+ considering sustainability and preservation as. a sig. factor to a country’s development , not solely focus on Econ.

Question 13

define absolute poverty

Answer 13

when a persons income is too low for basic human needs to be met, potentially resulting in hunger and homelessness.

Question 14

define relative poverty

Answer 14

• when a persons income is too low to maintain the avg standard of living in. particular society,
• asset growth for very rich people can lead to more people being in relative poverty

Question 15

development gap?

Answer 15

• social and wealth inequality between rick and poor

Question 16

gini coefficient ?

Answer 16

a measure of income inequality

Question 17

local sourcing

Answer 17

the consuming of find that us grown or produced locally. The benefits may protect communities from the vulnerability of the global economy to world’s events and is also a more sustainable method of sourcing goods which reduces the ecological footprint of an area.

Question 18

consumer society

Answer 18

A society in which the buying and selling of goods and services is
the most important social / economic activity.

Question 19

transition town

Answer 19

• grassroot community projects that aim to increase self-sufficiency to reduce the potential effects of peak oil, climate destruction, and economic instability.
• bottom up initiatives