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Geography - Superpowers (year 1.5) > EQ3 > Flashcards

EQ3 Flashcards

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1
Q

When does the EU aim to be carbon neutral?

A

2030

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2
Q

How large is Apple’s global profit?

A

It is higher than the bottom 50 countries GDP combined.

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3
Q

How much coal is China currently consuming?

A

1/3 of the global consumption of coal.

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4
Q

Who has stakes in the arctic?

A

Denmark, Russia, The USA, China, Canada, and Norway.

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5
Q

How many nautical miles constitutes as a country’s offshore territory?

A

200 nautical miles.

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6
Q

What is the water beyond the 200 nautical mile point called?

A

‘common waters’ ‘international waters’

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7
Q

Why can some countries argue that they have territory in the Arctic?

A

Some countries argue that because they have a continental shelf, they have territory in the arctic.

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8
Q

Why do countries want territory in the arctic? - Fishing

A

Norway is responsible for the world’s largest fishing exports. Therefore, they want more land to fish in.

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9
Q

Why do countries want territory in the arctic? - Hunting

A

Some indigenous people in Alaska need whale meat in order to feed their population. Therefore, they have a much higher chance of catching whales if they have a larger area to fish in.

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10
Q

Why do countries want territory in the arctic? - Tourism

A

Dog sledding in Russia is an extra source of income in the adventure tourism sector.

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11
Q

Why do countries want territory in the arctic? - Forestry

A

Canada made $39.6 billion from timber exports in 2003.

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12
Q

Why do countries want territory in the arctic? - Mining

A

Cryolite has been mined to extinction in Canada. Therefore, a larger area to mine means a possible alternative solution for the glass and enamel industries.

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13
Q

Why do countries want territory in the arctic? - Shipping

A

All countries want a stake in the ‘Northern Passage’ route of shipping, even China.

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14
Q

Why do countries want territory in the arctic? - Military

A

the USA has 6 nuclear warheads positioned in the Arctic. 1 in Greenland, and the other 5 in Alaska.

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15
Q

Why did Russia invade Ukraine in 2022?

A

It is possible that Russia felt threatened by the growing number of members of the EU such as Poland and Slovakia joining in 2004. Russia claims it wants to ‘de-nazify’ Ukraine. Ukraine has a £15 billion farming industry.

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16
Q

What are the impacts of Russia invading Ukraine?

A

3 million refugees have fled to Europe. 6 million have been internally displaced.

17
Q

What is the conflict in the South China Sea?

A

China is building islands in the South China Sea allegedly to house military stations, and areas to extract oil and gas (an estimated 11 billion barrels of oil)

18
Q

What is the history of tensions between the Middle East?

A

in 2014, Syrian people begin peaceful protests in order to stand for democracy. Police brutality occurs as a response and a civil war starts. Rebels capture Aleppo and Raqqa in 2012. ISIS are welcomed into some communities with the promise of better leadership in 2013. Kurdish, US and rebel forces weaken ISIS in 2017. A ceasefire is established in 2020 due to the incoming coronavirus.

19
Q

What are the political tensions in the Middle East?

A

Arabs wish to see a separate state for the Israelis and Palestinians. Afghanistan is unstable after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

20
Q

What are the resource tensions in the Middle East?

A

Turkey is selling 50 million cubic meters of water supplies annually for 20 years to Israel that it needs for its own population.

21
Q

Where are the religious tensions in the Middle East?

A

Sunni Iraq and Shi’a Iran have differing Islamic beliefs.

22
Q

What are the positive social impacts of China investing in Africa?

A

in 2014, 200,000 African migrants were given employment in China.

23
Q

What are the positive economic impacts of China investing in Africa?

A

a 20-year investment aims to bring $300 billion from trade.

24
Q

What are the positive political impacts from China investing in Africa?

A

Africa benefits from the aid given from China, and therefore has a stable and peaceful relationship with it.

25
Q

What are the positive environemntal impacts from China investing in Africa?

A

Electrical construction rather than the use of coal means less carbon emissions, and therefore less global warming.

26
Q

What are the negative social impacts of China’s investment in Africa?

A

Leads to human rights issues, such as underpaid workers on Chinese construction sites owned by the MCC (Metallurgical Corporation of China)

27
Q

What are the negative economic impacts of China’s investment in Africa?

A

Debt is owed by Zambia to China already ($8.7 bil)

28
Q

What are the negative political impacts of China’s investment in Africa?

A

eSwatini recognizes Taiwan as a sovereign state. Therefore, there is tension between China and eSwatini, as China does not recognize Taiwan as its own state.

29
Q

What are the negative environmental impacts of China’s investment in Africa?

A

Mass deforestation in the DRC due to exploitation of its forests by China.

30
Q

What are the main geographical tensions in Asia?

A

Pakistan and India have border tension over the region of Kashmir. Taiwan and China in 1949.

31
Q

Why did Trump raise tariffs on China in 2018?

A

Because of their abuse of intellectual property rights. China produced 70% of the world’s counterfeit goods.

32
Q

What are the three ways in which the USA came to power without an Empire?

A

TNC’s, Strategic aid and alliance, and IGO’s.

33
Q

How did the USA gain power through its use of IGO’s?

A

The IMF uses a dollar per vote system. Through this, the USA invested and has a 16.52% vote, which means it has a large say in global decision-making.

34
Q

How did the USA gain power through its use of TNC’s?

A

A soft-power technique used to spread culture and also cultivate a lot of capital. Cargill makes more than the GDP of Morocco. And aided 2 million farmers in training and made money for Iraq.

35
Q

How did the USA gain power through its use of strategic aid and alliances?

A

the US wants access to the Suez Canal. Therefore, they send aid to Egypt. Aids in Egyptian military, by sending 1000 tanks and 221 fighter jets. The US wants to establish pro-capitalist culture in the middle-east and therefore sends aid to Afghanistan.

36
Q

What are the economic issues in the EU vs the US?

A

EU = 9.7 trillion euros in debt.
US = $19 trillion in debt.

37
Q

What are the population characteristics of the EU vs the US?

A

EU: by 2025, 20% of its population will be 65.
US: population will grow to 415 mil by 2060.

38
Q

What are the resource issues in the EU vs the US?

A

EU: Over-reliant on gas resources from Russia.
US: Has water insecurities in the South due to drought.

Geography - Superpowers (year 1.5) (6 decks)

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