EQ2 - indicative mock content

Question 1

What are the ranked 4 erosion processes?

Answer 1

1) Hydraulic action
2) Abrasion
3) Attrition
4) Solution

Question 2

What is abrasion?

Answer 2

The erosional process whereby rocks are carried up by waves and hurled against cliff faces. This causes force to break off pieces of cliff. It occurs on cliff faces in places such as Scottland’s Inverness coast.

Question 3

What is attrition?

Answer 3

The process whererby rocks rub against each other as they travel within water, and therefore friction causes them to be broken down. This occurs in pebbled beach areas such as Shoreham.

Question 4

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 4

Waves crashing against a cliff face forces air into faults and cracks in the rock, causing it to rupture further, and cause breakage.

Question 5

What is solution?

Answer 5

Acidity within water breaks down carbonated rocks and therefore erodes it away. This occurs in Chalk cliffs in Dover.

Question 6

What are the different coastal landforms?

Answer 6

Cave, arch, stack, stump, wave-cut platform.

Question 7

Give an example of each landform:

Answer 7

Cave = Uahm Binn, Scottland, Basalt caves.
Arch = Green Bridge, Wales = 80 ft tall.
Stack = Old Harry Rock, Dorset, 160ft.
Stump = Old Harry’s wife fell into the sea in 1896.

Question 8

What are the four ranked transportational processes?

Answer 8

1) Saltation
2) Traction
3) suspension
4) Solution

Question 9

What is saltation?

Answer 9

A process whereby smaller sediment bounces along the base of the ocean floor. This occurs in pebble beaches such as Shoreham.

Question 10

What is traction?

Answer 10

A process whereby larger sediment rolls along the bottom of a sea bed and is transported. This occurs in areas with large sediment such as Lulworth cove.

Question 11

What is suspension?

Answer 11

Tiny sediment is suspended within water, and moved with the current as a means of transportation.

Question 12

What is transportation solution?

Answer 12

Micro-sediment is dissolved into sea water and is transported this way.

Question 13

What are the two ranked methods of deposition?

Answer 13

1) Gravity settling
2) Flocculation

Question 14

What is gravity settling?

Answer 14

When wave energy becomes too weak to suspend sediment, it is deposited to the sae bed through the force of gravity.

Question 15

What is flocculation?

Answer 15

A process whereby, often clay, microsoils will be electromagnetically attracted to other particles of sediment, and will become conjoined. This means when they become too heavy, they sink to the ocean floor.

Question 16

What are the different depositional landforms?

Answer 16

Swash-alligned beach - Lulworth Cove
Spit - Spurn Head, Hull.
Barrier bar - Slapton sands
Tombolo - Frank Island
Cuspate foreland - Dungeness

Question 17

What is the difference between a swash-aligned beach and a drift-aligned beach?

Answer 17

Swash alligned = made with constructive waves
drift-alligned = beaches kept narrow by the angled waves transporting sediment downstream.

Question 18

What are the different sub-aerial processes?

Answer 18

• weathering
• mass movement

Question 19

What is salt-crystalization weathering?

Answer 19

A type of mechanical weathering where dissolved salt within the sea crystalizes in faults in rock and exploits them to become larger. This occurs in Dungeness in Scotland, where rates of precipitation occur at 4,770 mm annually.

Question 20

What is animal burrowing?

Answer 20

A type of Biological weathering whereby animals break up soils an rock creating habitats. This occurs largely in Rio, where the average prercipitation rate is 1100 mm annually.

Question 21

What is acid rain?

Answer 21

a process of chemical weathering whereby acid rain dissolves the cliff face. This occurs largely in Alaska where the average precipitation levels are 800mm annually

Question 22

What is coastal rockfall?

Answer 22

The process of mass movement where undercutting of cliffs causes the weight of rock above it to fall. This occured at St. Oswald’s Bay in Dorset where a 20m rockfall occurred.

Question 23

What is rotational slumping?

Answer 23

A process whereby rain causes soil to become saturated, and unconsolidated material then becomes heavy and seperates from the rock behind it. This occurs at a rate of 2m a month in Mappleton.

Question 24

What is mudflow?

Answer 24

Fine grained saturated sediment is forced downhill via a drainageway as a fluid mass. This occurs in Mappleton due to 50% of the soil containing sand.

Question 25

What is coastal slide?

Answer 25

An unsupported mass off rock collapses onto the beach due to layers of rock dipping towards the sea and causing slabs of rock to slip down. This occurs in port Mulgrave, Yorkshire, because there is a mudstone formation of jurassic rock.