EQ2 - 2.6 Rapid Economic Growth Results In Significant Positive And Negative Impacts On People And Environment In The Emerging Country (A)

Question 1

India’s population change form 2000 - 2016 - 2050.

Answer 1

• 1,053,899,000 in 2000
• 1,326,801,000 in 2016
• 1,705,332,000 in 2050

Question 2

How has rapid population growth affected life expectancy in India?

Answer 2

• By 2050 there will be less deaths before 10 years old and people will live longer at the older ages 65+.

Question 3

How has rapid economic growth created demographic change?

Answer 3

• Fertility rate has declined from 5.2 to 2.3 currently in 45 years.
• Birth rate has fallen from 45-21.
• Mortality rate has fallen.
• Infant mortality rate was 129 per 1000 births in 1970 but fallen to 40 per 1000 births in 2013.
• Life expectancy has improved from 50 in 1970 to 68 in 2013.

Question 4

How has rapid economic growth created urbanisation?

Answer 4

• Increasing proportion live in urban areas due to money and salary.
• Cities are going through a combo of rural migration and natural population increase.
• Level of urbanisation is still very under global average 2000 = 30.9% / 2015 = 32.7%.
• Access to finance has risen but gender gap still remains a problem.

Question 5

How has India’s economic growth damaged the environment through air pollution?

Answer 5

• 13/20 worst polluted cities are in India.
• Leading cause for premature death - 620,000 per year.
• Reduces 3.2 years of life expectancy for the 660M people living in the city.
• 1/5 of all deaths in India
• Reached 90x over the level deemed safe by the WHO.

Question 6

How has India’s economic growth damaged the environment through water pollution?

Answer 6

• 80% of India’s surface water is polluted.
• 80% of India’s water is polluted from domestic waste.
• Water born diseases are increasing massively. (cholera)
• Untreated sewage water flowing into water bodies has doubled from around 12,000 to 24,000.
• Number of rivers defined polluted in India rose from 121 - 275 between 2010 and 2015.

Question 7

How has India’s economic growth damaged the environment through deforestation?

Answer 7

• 25% of India’s land is experiencing deforestation.
• 32% of India’s land is facing degradation.
• 68% is prone to drought due to the increase of degradation.
• 1/2 of India’s wetland has disappeared since 1911 and 2014.
• 330M hectares if India is close to complete degradation.

Question 8

How has India’s economic growth damaged the environment through climate change and greenhouse gases?

Answer 8

• In 2015, India experienced the driest Monsoon season since 2009 which 60% of India’s farming relies on.
• 3rd largest CO2 emitter globally.
• Annual greenhouse gas emissions increased by 60% between 1994 and 2007.
• 80% of their current electricity is produced by coal.
• In 2007, India produced 1.9B tonnes of greenhouse gas.