EQ2 - 2.5 Globalisation Causes Rapid Economic Change In The Emerging Country (A) Flashcards
How has India’s GDP changed over time?
- Steadily grown since 1950, not rapidly.
- Grown by 7% since 1990.
- Globally now the 7th biggest economy in the world and is still growing fast.
How has India’s GNI per capita changed over time?
- Doubled since the year 2000.
- In 2000 = 2522
- In 2005 = 3239.
- In 2014 = 5497.
How has India’s changing economic sectors changed over time?
- Distribution of GDP in India by the economic sector is changing.
- Agricultural product in 1980-1981 = 35%.
- Agricultural product in 2010-2011 = 17%.
How has India’s imports and exports changed over time?
- Merchandise trade has increased by 3%.
- Oil is the biggest import followed by gold and silver
- Key exports are petroleum products, gems and jewellery.
- Exports value in 1991 = $17.2B and in 2014 = $342B.
- Imports value in 1991 = $24.7B and in 2014 = $508B
- Trade of GDP imports 1990 = 8.3% and in 2012 = 31.5%
- Trade of GDP exports 1990 = 6.9& and in 2012 = 23.8%
How has India’s FDI changed over time?
- Investment in all 3 economic sectors.
- Encouraged to use it for the country’s infrastructure
- Largest railway project funded by FDI.
- Inward FDI 1995 = 5.6 (billion $)
- Inward FDI 2000 = 16.3.
- Outward FDI 1995 = 0.5
- Outward FDI 2000 = 1.7
How has India’s HDI changed over time?
- In 2000 = 0.496
- In 2014 = 0.609
How has globalisation improved transportation technology aerially?
- Aircrafts imports from India are 70 times more valuable than those transported by sea.
How has globalisation improved transportation technology through containerisation?
- Containerships from from the many sea ports are transported all over the UK.
- Mumbai has India’s largest container port.
- All containers used for freight transport are the same size and shape internationally.
How has globalisation improved transportation technology through roads?
- From 1990-2012 India’s road system has nearly doubled in length from about 3 million KM to over 6 million KM.
- Investments have allowed people to move around faster and more easily. unlike regular Indian traffic.
What are the main factors globalisation has played to make transportation more effective?
- India’s rail network is over 63000 KM long.
- India has 12 major and 185 minor seaports (95% of India’s foreign trade by volume and 70% by value is carried by ship.
- 11 international and 86 domestic airports.
What has happened to TNC’s in India?
- Annual turnover of the worlds largest TNC’s is higher than the GDP of most countries.
- Increasing number of people in India have left traditional rural life behind to move into the city where they can earn about £5000 per annum. (4x the average)
- % of India’s incoming GDP coming from agriculture has dropped from 31% in 1991 to 18% in 2014.
- Service sector has risen from 41% in 1991 to 58% in 2014.
What types of outsourcing has happened in India?
- Call centres - most of Indian call centres employees are graduates earning £3000 a year. (20% of what BT has to pay in the UK)
- Software development - universities provide technically qualified graduates who enable BT to develop and support broadband product n India.
What is the state of India’s communications?
- 2nd largest telecommunications network in the world.
- Increase in communications has led to IT opportunities allowing India and Indian people to communicate with a wider network.
How has the role of the government allowed aid to improve in India?
?- Biggest recipient of International aid in history as its development challenged. Declined rapidly as the country has developed.
- Voluntary aid - from NGO’s
- Bilateral aid - One country’s government to another.
- Multilateral aid - From international agencies like the UN and World Bank.
- India now sends aid to developing countries. (Bhutan)
- One of the few emerging countries to change from being recipient to donor.
How has the role of the government allowed education to improve in India?
- School is free and compulsory for all children between 6 and 14.
- 1.4M+ schools and 36000 higher education facilities.
- Strong private sector which is under state regulation.
- Improvements in literacy has improved; rate has gone from 64.8% in 2001 74% in 2011.
- Education sector has attracted a considerable amount of FDI ($964B between 2000 and 2014)
