EQ2 Flashcards
EQ2?
Impacts of superpowers = global economy, political systems, physical environment
TNCs allow
TNCs allow S + emerging powers 2 spread their influence globally both in terms = culture + economics
Through mergers + acquisitions, TNCs have been growing rapidly + some of the largest TNCs now have annual profits that exceed the GDPs or many lower + middle income countries
TNCs dominate
Dominate the economic landscape in terms of production + sales, making it possible for them 2 affect the pricing of commodities affecting trade + controlling technologies
TNCs control of tech
TNCs also exert control = technology globally through patents w/ companies
Through their often much-needed investment in developing countries TNCs may influence gov policies = indirectly + directly
TNCs global brands
Easily recognisable language-free global brands = McDonalds + Nike
Global media corporation e.g. Disney cause the spread = western culture throughout the rest of the world
2 different types = TNCS
Publicly traded
State owned
Publicly traded TNCs
Whose shares = owned by numerous stakeholders around the world
State-owned TNCs = majority or wholly owned by the gov
How have TNCs come to dominate = global economy
Their economies of scale mean they can out compete smaller companies + take them over
Their bank balances + ability 2 borrow money 2 invest has allowed them 2 take advantage of globalisation by investing in new technology
Move towards = free-market capitalism + free trade = opened up new markets allowing them to expand
TNCs need investment
Through their own much-needed investment in developing countries TNCs may influence government policies both directly + indirectly
Easily recognisable language-free global brands e.g. McDonalds + Nike + global media corporations = Disney cause the spread = western culture throughout the world
UN mission
Keep international peace + security
Encourage friendship among nations
Cooperate in solving international problems + providing development of HE
UN Military Interference: USA
USA has intervened militarily (foreign countries) on many occasions over the last 40 yrs.
- part of UN Security Council Action
Together w/ allied countries = coalition but outside of UN remit
- unilaterally= no support from other countries
Many cases: UK+France has also been involved. But v rarely China/Russia. Suggs/ that USA + Europe share similar geopolitical concerns whereas Russia + China do X
UN peacekeepers
Protect civilians, actively prevent conflict, reduce violence, strengthen security + empower national authorities
Superpowers + emerging nations = increased their wealth + standard of living
Leading 2 an accelerated rise in the demand for energy + other resources. This can cause both local + global environmental damage from localised river pollution 2 CC + global sea level rise
Providing these resources can lead 2 deforestation + desertification. Scarring of landscape during mining + carbon footprint associated w/ transportation of these goods
Demands 4 energy grow higher more environmentally sensitive areas = Arctic could be exploited w/ unconventional sources + methods such as fracking growing more pop + energy pathways becoming more complex and risky
EU = superpower = CC
S = EU have become global leaders in tackling CC w/ EU 20:20:20 targets + EU Emissions Trading Scheme = was the 1st major carbon trading market + remains the biggest one today
COMP: argued the USA has been more reluctant 2 lead on CC w/ it’s failure to ratify the Kyoto Protocol + recent shift towards unconventional sources of energy
China S = CC
COMP 2 EU China has become the worlds largest carbon emitter = 2007 + accounts for 1/2 the worlds annual coal consumption
Chinas air pollution have killed 350,000-500,000 each year
H/ shift in Chinas approach 2 CC w/ China becoming a world leader = renewable energies.
