EQ2 Flashcards
1
Q
state
A
- territory over which no other country holds power or sovereignty
- un recognised 196 states in 2016 w/south sudan being most recent addition (in 2012)
2
Q
nation
A
- territorilised group of ppl who may lack sovereignty
- including scottish n welsh nations that r part of uk which r soverign state
3
Q
dependent terrotories/dependencies
A
- including greenland that belongs to denmark
- hong kong belongs to japan
- jersey have autonomy for many aspects of governance but lack full soveriegnty
4
Q
sovereignty
A
- ability of a place n its ppl to self-govern w/out any outside interference: might relate global flows (ppl,ideas, commodities) n participation in global aggreements
5
Q
iceland
A
-
ethnic:
- monocultural- 8.9% pop born over seas.
- nation state
- 92%=icelandic
- national culture n language=homogenous n unique -
cultural:
* culture=same everywhere bc its isolated, middle point between arctic circle n N eu, mountainious terrain
* 95.2%=lutheran church
* myths- eg land of giants n supernatural heros
* depend on sea for resources
* all kids names come from approved list
*
- linguistuc unity:
- historical pop growth:
- degree of isolation:
- role of migration:
6
Q
singapore
A
- ethnic:
- cultural:
- linguistuc unity:
- historical pop growth:
- degree of isolation:
- role of migration:
7
Q
8b.4b
rwanda
A
- contested due to diff ethnic groups
- before BC it was unified of tusi, hutu n twa ppl
- berlin conference 1884-1885: conference that divided africa between eu nations that resulted in creation of geometric boundaries that divided africa into 50 irregaular countries
- harold mac millan wind of change speech: speech was about national consciousness n giving independence. so consequently african countries got independence
- when rwanda gained independence 1962, gov=contensted n not seen as legitimate by all. differences n killings between the 3 ppl.
- april 1994- presidents of rwanda n burundi were killed. led to genocide of 800,000 tutsis n hutus
- july 1994- hutu gov fled to zaire w/2mill refugees
- un security council set up international tribunal to oversee prosecution of suspects involved in the genocide
8
Q
8.4c
contested borders:
ukraine vs russia
A
- ukraine gained independece in 1991
- feb 2014- russia annexed crimean peninsular in s ukraine n conflict intensified. russian forces took control of military bases n crimean parliament
- 2022, it esculated when russia launched rull invasion of ukraine.
- led to large pop movements n end of 2022 over 7.8mill ukraine refugees were recorded throughout eu
9
Q
not universally recognised:
Taiwan
A
- its officially called republic of china
- in 1949- china gov forces fled to taiwan at end of chinese civil war n took control of it
- they claimed they were still leaders of china n planned to take mainland china
- chinas new communist gov at the time refused to recognise their authority n argues its a part of china not a sovereign state
- china reinforced this by refuising to have offical diplomatic relations w/countries that recognise taiwan
- less than 20 countries officially recognise it n some interntaional organisations eg UN dont treat it as sovereign nation=difficult for it to expand its international influence
- risk of conflict between china n taiwan
10
Q
8.5 a
nationalism in 19th century led to conflict n colonisation
A
- in 19th century it became popular in eu countries like britain, france n germany
- eu countries were expanding their empires in other parts of world. so they believed they were superior to nations they were colonising=thought it was good thing to impose authority, culture n language on other nations
- eu countries became competitive w/each other tryna be most powerful country w most colonies, resources n military power
- at end of 19th century eu nations were competiting for control of african countries=period known as ‘scramble for africa’
- britain links to india during this
11
Q
nationalism
A
- when ppl have a strong sense of loyalty towards their country
- they often believe their nation=superior to other nations
12
Q
india and the british raj
A
- britain colonised india- 1600
- these colonised areas= controlled indirectly via trade agreements betwen existing rulers n east india company
- 1857- indian soilders working for EIC rebelled against british officers=set of violence between india n britian.
- so britain brought it under direct control-known as the British raj
- indian rulers had to swear oath of alligence to queen victoria.
- raj used military force to keep control n promoted british culture eg set up english language schools w/eurocentric curriculum
- indians=unhappy
- young indian men whod had british education but refused jobs in areas like civil service talked of idea of india being independent
- this involved boycotting of british goods n schools n uprising against british control
13
Q
why did the colonial era finally end?
A
- britain were worried about potential civil war between majority hindus n north minorities that supported islam
- didnt gain independence till 1947
- global shift in power dyanmics-spheres of influence
- 1885- indian national congress had 1st meeting
- young indians unhappy n discussed independence
14
Q
8.5B
after ww2, lots of new nation states gained independence
A
- at end of ww2 in 1945, nationalist movementshad emerged in many colonies
- war left eu countries weak n debt
- they put pressure on colonies to provide cheap resources but also had less control there
- 1947- after years of negotation, india n pakistan=independent
15
Q
‘winds of change’ in africa in 1960s
A
- some places independence=peaceful eg ghana
- some=violent between nationalist groups n colonial gov eg kenya
- 1960- 17 african countries became indpeendent
- but colonisers left their colonies w/out any gov structure= led to instability n civil war
- 1960- harold macmillan (british pm) said in a speech ‘the wind of change is blowing through this continent’
