EQ2 Flashcards
what are factors that make a city successful
access to services
FDI
part of a trade bloc
being connected to other countries
attractions-tourism- jobs in tertiary sector
many jobs in the tertiary and quaternary
lots of imports and exports
high education
economically active
lots of imports and exports
what are high order goods
goods that are only bought occasionally and are usually more expensive
what are low order goods
goods that are bought frequently and are usually more cheap
priorities for regeneration- what are the 4 differing localities
declining rural settlements
sink estates
gated communities
commuter villages
priorities for regeneration: sink estates ::
stakeholders, major concerns, main priorities/ solutions.
sink estates:
-stakeholders-
residents
local and regional authorities
wider communities
local authorities
-major concerns-
low income groups being segregated from the rest of society
people living here are likely to have mental health problems
11 times more likely to be unemployed
lack of job opportunities
-main priorities/solutions-
ensure people that the people here have equal access to job opportunities
ensure children are getting education
security
environmental improvements
priorities for regeneration: declining rural settlements::
declining rural settlements:
-stakeholders-
farmers/ rural workers
other residents
local authorities
environmentalists
-major concerns-
around 400 village shops and 700 rural pubs closed in 2010.
declining populations
transport/communication issues
lack of services
lack of job opportunities
-main priorities/solutions-
create a more accessible area with more business people
providing job opportunities for people to say
2 examples of residential sorting in type of locality for priorities for regeneration
gated communities, commuter villages
priorities for regeneration: gated communities ::
stakeholders, major concerns, main priorities/ solutions.
gated communities:
-stakeholders-
property developments
local authority
wider community residents
-major concerns-
gated communities may be built to segregate the incomers from locals who pose a threat
inequality
lack of community cohesion
-main priorities/solutions-
allow people access to these gated areas
community engagement
priorities for regeneration: commuter villages ::
stakeholders, major concerns, main priorities/ solutions.
commuter villages:
-stakeholders-
incomers
og residents
local govs
environments
-major concerns-
lack of services
schools for younger families
transport links
-main priorities/solutions-
build more services
build affordable housing
sustainable public transoprt
2 examples of social segregation in type of locality for priorities for regeneration
sink estates, declining rural settlements
what are sink estates
housing states characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation and crime
what are gated communities
individual buildings or groups of houses with surveillance, designed to deter he unknown and reduce crime
what are commuter villages
settlements where a large proportion of the residents commute daily to cities for work
what are declining rural settlements
rural areas where quality of life and deprivation is seen to be worsening
whats the objective of regenration
to create socially, economically and environmentally sustainable communities
what factors affect the sustainability of a regeneration plan
economic environment
community engagement
gov policies
cost
existing conditions
demographics
whats place attachment
the perception about, and the attachment to any place will depend on obvious factors e.g age, length of residence, ethnicity and deprivation, but also the medias portrayal and whether the government and private business policies, programmes and projects are successful for that particular person.
what are two factors affecting a persons sense of place (their level of engagement)
Membership- a feeling of belonging, familiarity and being accepted
influence- a sense of playing a part in a place, and hence caring about it
whats lived experience
during a persons lifetime, they have different experiences, depending on their family situation, family culture, educational experience, life cycle, living spaces and personal interests. these affect their judgements about a places situations and lead to perceptions, views and opinions
5 factors affecting level of engagement
ethnicity
age
length of residence
levels of deprivation
gender
how does ethnicity affect levels of engagement
non-white British may differ their views due to stuff surrounding acceptance
how does age affect levels of engagement
Retired = more time
especially combined with length of residence
how does length of residence affect levels of engagement
new migrants and students ahve less strong attachments
main priorities for regeneration in Tottenham
better infrastructure
reducing crime
preventing economic decline
ensure diversity is not reduced
significant causes of the London riots (Tottenham)
poor relationship between police and black community, urban deprivation, alienated youth population, high youth unemployment.
whats the northern powerhouse
different strategies to connect the north and south
why is rebranding needed?
due to loss of industry via the global shift
due to population change-> people started immigrating
the spiral of decline-> this is a negative multiplier affect
government policy:
PERMISSION FOR FRACKING
whats the issue?
impacts on economic regeneration:
urban?
rural?
what?
central gov attracted by perceived benefits of fracking- could reduce need for imported gas
-improve Uks energy security
urban?
-local opposition occurs where test drilling takes place
-earthquakes
-eyesore & disruption
rural?
-conflicts with landscapes of value (national parks)
-local opposition occurs where test drilling takes place
-earthquakes
-eyesore & disruption
-fracking provides jobs
government policy:
HOUSE BUILDING TARGETS AND PLANNING LAWS
whats the issue?
impacts on economic regeneration:
urban?
rural?
what?
increase population means higher demand for housing
-natural increase
-immigration
urban?
-other types of housing= neglected
-more services will be needed/ strain
-brownfield sites built on :)
rural?
-more services needed
-building on greenfield sites
-co2 emissions from construction
-reduce impact of 2 speed economy
government policy:
DEREGUKATION OF CAPITAL MARKETS (deregulation= allowing FDI to take place without the approval of the gov)
whats the issue?
direct investment-
indirect investment-
whats the issue?
deregulation of capital markets since the 1970s has made it much easier for companies to locate the Uk and foreign companies to invest in the UKs infrastructure
direct investment-
improvements in infrastructure, housing will improve, good transport links, gentrification
indirect investment- lots of investments made in ensuring area is aesthetically pleasing- open spaces and open parks
government policy:
MIGRATION POLICIES
whats the issue?
direct investment-
indirect investment-
whats the issue?
direct investment-
improvements in infrastructure, housing will improve, good transport links, gentrification, better workforce
indirect investment-
who funded the community shop in grampound
an energy company
the prince’s countryside fund
grants from the parish council
why did Grampound start a community shop
shopping day to day necessities here helps relive high travel costs
old people live here
why does engagement vary in grampound
due to:
age (older devote more time)
gender (women engage more)
ethnicity & length of residence (engagement is unlikely to develop in a short period)
what was the wider significance of building the shop
grampound is a working village thus a good aid.
- grampound shows that certain factors determine how engaged people are
why do regeneration projects cause conflict
regen brings change
process is top down
most schemes are based on economic motives
some people believe regen only suits the rich, leads to gentrification
local regeneration scheme?
locally in 2008. the idea to build 69 new houses was supported- residents thought the extra population would help with services
national regeneration scheme?-cornwall grampound
grampounds residents were persuaded by an offer of £15000 annually from the energy company for community projects
regional regeneration scheme- grampound cornwall
protests caused by regional plans for a waste incinerator-it was still built and only created 7 jobs
what’s studentification and examples of places it affects
where concentrations of transient students may ahve little regard for their surroundings compared to long term residents. leads to conflict over housing and conflict over noise.
affects leads, Nottingham, Southampton…
how to spot regeneration: case study: custom house, London
-why transport was critical to regen?
Custom house is located in Newham
part of the royal Docks
transport was critical to regen because custom house railway station served canning town- one of the most deprived areas
created a new link to east and west london
why do conflict occur among contrasting groups?
lack of political engagement and representation
ethnic tensions
inequality
lack of economic opportunity
whats barton farm
a greenfield development plan to build 2000 homes by 2025.
change to farmland to suburb
-rich people didn’t support but poor people did as they wanted housing
custom house: housing, focused on giving
10,000 affordable homes by 2020
renovation to old housing
custom house: og plan
needed regen socially, economically and environmentally
custom house: employment, focused on giving
job creation and training for local people- offices available
new local shops and supermarkets
improved public transport
custom house: education, focused on giving
replacement buildings for local primary and secondary schools
custom house: health, focused on giving
new healthcare centre, library, community centre and children’s play
streets made safer by using traffic calming
custom house: whats changed
since 2010, gov funding has been cut- focus on priv sector investment
hasville quarter aims to regen canning town by developing new infrastructure. includes 2 phases
1st phase created 179 private and affordable homes
