EQ1 Flashcards
The four economic sectors are?
Primary (agriculture, forestry, mining, fishing)
Secondary (manufacturing)
Tertiary (retail, services, office work)
Quaternary (scientific research, ICT)
What is a permanent contract?
No fixed date when employment will end
benefits - pensions etc
What is a temporary contract
set date for end of employment
benefits not incluided.
Define regeneration?
Redeveloping former industrial areas or outdated housing to bring about economic and social change
What is a full time job
35 hours or more per week
What is self employed
someone works for themselves
provide services for fee not a salarie
What is a part time job
permanent contract but with fewer hours than a full time.
have same benefits but proportionally
What are two long term economic changes in the uk
Primary and Secondary sector is declining
Tertiary and Quartenary is growing
Define rebranding
When places are reinvented for economic reasons, and then marketed using its new identity to attract visitors
Why did deindustrialisation occur
Global shift
British manufacturing is more expensive - higher wages
What is the ‘new economy’
Shift from primary and secondary to tertiary and quarternary
Where do quarternary industries mostly locate
With high financial incentives (low tax)
Connectivity (transport links)
What is another name for the quarternary sector
The knowledge economy
Why is income in london the highest?
Capital city - senior positions, major company headquarters
People working in the knowledge economy (Docklands) get higher incomes
What percent of jobs are in the three highest income catagories in London
58%
What is the relationship between health and income
As deprivation increases, there is more people that has bad health according to the 2011 census
What percent of jobs are in the three lowest income catagories in London
22%
Give examples in variations in quality of life
According to the happiness map, housing affordability is directly proportional to happiness
What is the relationship between occupation and life expectancy
As there are higher occupational groups, life expectancy increases by 5-6 years and vice versa
what were the 4 main reasons causing the decline of the Docklands
-factories
-containerisation
-port industry
-size of ships
What were the impacts of the docks falling into disuse
Between 1978 and 83, 12000 jobs were lost - 60% of males in london were unemployed
The river from tower bridge consisted of derelict wharves - bad image
Nearby industries closed - needed imports
Define re-imaging
How the image of a place is changed and portrayed in the media
What was the affect of the population on the docks?
Between 1971 and 1981, pop fell by 100000
Who was in charge of regenerating the docks?
A government agency called the London docklands development cooperation (LDCC)
Formed in 1981
What key players did the regeneration of the docks bring together?
Property owners keen to purchase land
Architects
Construction companys
Investors
What type of process was the regeneration of the docks?
A market-led regeneration
What does the LDCC focus on
Economic growth
Infrastructure
Housing
What did the docks turn out to be
Canary wharf
Londons second largest CBD
Give examples of who operates in canary wharf and the amount of commuters
Companies such as HSBC, Barclays and in the knowledge economy
100000 commuters
325000 who work in the city
Define re-urbanisation
A flow of people moving back into cities to live
Define gentrification
A change is social status, where working class inner city areas become occupied by middle classes
Is poverty still present in the docks?
Yes, in 2012, 27% of newhams population earned less that £7 per hour
What are examples of new transport developments from the LDCC
Extending the jubilee line
Developing the docklands railway
Building new roads
Creating London city airport
How hsa the docklands population been transformed?
Older people moved out
More of a younger generation - avg age was 31
Diverse - immigration, Newham is londons most ethnically diverse burough
What are some problems in the docklands?
High deprivation in Tower hamlets and Newham
Tower hamlets has the lowest average life expectancy in london in 2012
Give details about Pennsylvania
Largest coke-manufacturing facility (processed coal)
Population peaked to 20000 in 1950 when USA was supplying europe with steel
What does the term ‘ rust belt’ refer to
Decline in metal manufacturing
whats the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)*
The governments geographical measure of multiple deprivation takes into account 7 types of deprivation and combines them into one index in England and Wales.
-the lower the number the more deprived the area is.
- the higher the number, the least deprived an area is.
What are reasons for the decline of the rustbelt?
Overseas companies produce cheaper coal and steel
Mining companies have mechanised to cut costs
Lower wage costs in south east USA –> relocation of steel industries
How does the US coal industry survive?
Govt subsidies- costing £1.9bn
Define negative multiplier
A downward spiral where economic conditions produce less spending and less incentive for business to invest
What problems has the decline of the rust belt caused?
Population decline and brain drain
High unemployement and crime
Reduced revenue for councils as consumer spending falls
whats FUNCTION
he activities that take place in a particular area or location
why have primary and secondary jobs shrunk in the UK
goods can be imported cheaply and in Britain its now harder to mine
why is there a two speed economy in the UK
-London and the SE receive a lot more FDI due to their connectivity ( major airports, roads, trains, motorways)
-London is home to the economic hub and many banks- political and economic decisions are made here.
-London is the capital and has the highest population= more economically active= more taxes paid to gov= SWITCHED ON
what is the two speed economy between in the UK
London (South East ) and the rest of the UK (particularly the North)
what is quality of life
quality of life is a measure of wellbeing and life-satisfaction of people living in a particular place
what function may an area have?
many rural areas are sites of intensive food production
-mechanisation- industrial towns or cities
-location near to coat or rivers or valuable natural resources
-retail destinations
whats demographic change
-changes in the population characteristics of a place. this could be numbers of types of people (i.e. cultural change)
what was the function of the London Docklands in the 19 century
-Major port
-extremely busy
-they were the closest docks to the city of London
-the docks were used to import and export goods
- by the 1950s the docks became derelict and abandoned
what are centrifugal forces
actors that drive local people away from an area
what are centripetal forces
factors that hold an area together in terms of people
what did the LDDC do in terms of transport
DLR opened in 1987 costing £73 million
