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Regeneration > EQ1 > Flashcards

EQ1 Flashcards

1
Q

The four economic sectors are?

A

Primary (agriculture, forestry, mining, fishing)
Secondary (manufacturing)
Tertiary (retail, services, office work)
Quaternary (scientific research, ICT)

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2
Q

What is a permanent contract?

A

No fixed date when employment will end
benefits - pensions etc

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3
Q

What is a temporary contract

A

set date for end of employment
benefits not incluided.

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3
Q

Define regeneration?

A

Redeveloping former industrial areas or outdated housing to bring about economic and social change

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3
Q

What is a full time job

A

35 hours or more per week

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3
Q

What is self employed

A

someone works for themselves
provide services for fee not a salarie

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4
Q

What is a part time job

A

permanent contract but with fewer hours than a full time.
have same benefits but proportionally

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5
Q

What are two long term economic changes in the uk

A

Primary and Secondary sector is declining
Tertiary and Quartenary is growing

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5
Q

Define rebranding

A

When places are reinvented for economic reasons, and then marketed using its new identity to attract visitors

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6
Q

Why did deindustrialisation occur

A

Global shift
British manufacturing is more expensive - higher wages

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7
Q

What is the ‘new economy’

A

Shift from primary and secondary to tertiary and quarternary

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7
Q

Where do quarternary industries mostly locate

A

With high financial incentives (low tax)
Connectivity (transport links)

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7
Q

What is another name for the quarternary sector

A

The knowledge economy

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7
Q

Why is income in london the highest?

A

Capital city - senior positions, major company headquarters
People working in the knowledge economy (Docklands) get higher incomes

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8
Q

What percent of jobs are in the three highest income catagories in London

A

58%

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8
Q

What is the relationship between health and income

A

As deprivation increases, there is more people that has bad health according to the 2011 census

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8
Q

What percent of jobs are in the three lowest income catagories in London

A

22%

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8
Q

Give examples in variations in quality of life

A

According to the happiness map, housing affordability is directly proportional to happiness

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8
Q

What is the relationship between occupation and life expectancy

A

As there are higher occupational groups, life expectancy increases by 5-6 years and vice versa

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8
Q

what were the 4 main reasons causing the decline of the Docklands

A

-factories
-containerisation
-port industry
-size of ships

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8
Q

What were the impacts of the docks falling into disuse

A

Between 1978 and 83, 12000 jobs were lost - 60% of males in london were unemployed
The river from tower bridge consisted of derelict wharves - bad image
Nearby industries closed - needed imports

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8
Q

Define re-imaging

A

How the image of a place is changed and portrayed in the media

9
Q

What was the affect of the population on the docks?

A

Between 1971 and 1981, pop fell by 100000

9
Q

Who was in charge of regenerating the docks?

A

A government agency called the London docklands development cooperation (LDCC)
Formed in 1981

9
Q

What key players did the regeneration of the docks bring together?

A

Property owners keen to purchase land
Architects
Construction companys
Investors

10
Q

What type of process was the regeneration of the docks?

A

A market-led regeneration

10
Q

What does the LDCC focus on

A

Economic growth
Infrastructure
Housing

11
Q

What did the docks turn out to be

A

Canary wharf
Londons second largest CBD

11
Q

Give examples of who operates in canary wharf and the amount of commuters

A

Companies such as HSBC, Barclays and in the knowledge economy
100000 commuters
325000 who work in the city

11
Q

Define re-urbanisation

A

A flow of people moving back into cities to live

12
Q

Define gentrification

A

A change is social status, where working class inner city areas become occupied by middle classes

13
Q

Is poverty still present in the docks?

A

Yes, in 2012, 27% of newhams population earned less that £7 per hour

13
Q

What are examples of new transport developments from the LDCC

A

Extending the jubilee line
Developing the docklands railway
Building new roads
Creating London city airport

13
Q

How hsa the docklands population been transformed?

A

Older people moved out
More of a younger generation - avg age was 31
Diverse - immigration, Newham is londons most ethnically diverse burough

13
Q

What are some problems in the docklands?

A

High deprivation in Tower hamlets and Newham
Tower hamlets has the lowest average life expectancy in london in 2012

13
Q

Give details about Pennsylvania

A

Largest coke-manufacturing facility (processed coal)
Population peaked to 20000 in 1950 when USA was supplying europe with steel

14
Q

What does the term ‘ rust belt’ refer to

A

Decline in metal manufacturing

14
Q

whats the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)*

A

The governments geographical measure of multiple deprivation takes into account 7 types of deprivation and combines them into one index in England and Wales.
-the lower the number the more deprived the area is.
- the higher the number, the least deprived an area is.

15
Q

What are reasons for the decline of the rustbelt?

A

Overseas companies produce cheaper coal and steel
Mining companies have mechanised to cut costs
Lower wage costs in south east USA –> relocation of steel industries

15
Q

How does the US coal industry survive?

A

Govt subsidies- costing £1.9bn

16
Q

Define negative multiplier

A

A downward spiral where economic conditions produce less spending and less incentive for business to invest

16
Q

What problems has the decline of the rust belt caused?

A

Population decline and brain drain
High unemployement and crime
Reduced revenue for councils as consumer spending falls

16
Q

whats FUNCTION

A

he activities that take place in a particular area or location

16
Q

why have primary and secondary jobs shrunk in the UK

A

goods can be imported cheaply and in Britain its now harder to mine

16
Q

why is there a two speed economy in the UK

A

-London and the SE receive a lot more FDI due to their connectivity ( major airports, roads, trains, motorways)
-London is home to the economic hub and many banks- political and economic decisions are made here.
-London is the capital and has the highest population= more economically active= more taxes paid to gov= SWITCHED ON

16
Q

what is the two speed economy between in the UK

A

London (South East ) and the rest of the UK (particularly the North)

17
Q

what is quality of life

A

quality of life is a measure of wellbeing and life-satisfaction of people living in a particular place

17
Q

what function may an area have?

A

many rural areas are sites of intensive food production
-mechanisation- industrial towns or cities
-location near to coat or rivers or valuable natural resources
-retail destinations

17
Q

whats demographic change

A

-changes in the population characteristics of a place. this could be numbers of types of people (i.e. cultural change)

17
Q

what was the function of the London Docklands in the 19 century

A

-Major port
-extremely busy
-they were the closest docks to the city of London
-the docks were used to import and export goods
- by the 1950s the docks became derelict and abandoned

18
Q

what are centrifugal forces

A

actors that drive local people away from an area

19
Q

what are centripetal forces

A

factors that hold an area together in terms of people

19
Q

what did the LDDC do in terms of transport

A

DLR opened in 1987 costing £73 million

19
Q
A

Regeneration (5 decks)

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