Eq1, 3.2 Flashcards
Give examples of push and pull factors for living in cities and rural areas
More jobs-pull to city Air pollution-push from city Better paid jobs-pull to city More services-pull to city Quieter life-pull to rural Higher crime rate-push from city Cleaner air-pull to rural Few job opportunities-push from rural Improved transport & possibility of teleworking-pull to rural
Why are some developed cities still growing, eg London and New York?
They have expanding ‘knowledge economies’ which means they need migrants to work there in both highly skilled jobs and low-skill jobs
Why are some developed cities shrinking? Eg Hull/Detroit
They used to be predominantly manufacturing cities, eg steelworks, making cars. A lot of manufacturing has gone overseas to developing countries, or turned to robotics, meaning fewer jobs, and local supply chains have been put out of business by more competitive foreign production mostly from emerging countries eg China
Give examples of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary sector jobs
Primary:tree logging
Secondary:manufacture of tree wood onto furniture
Tertiary:selling the furniture, marketing an advertising
Quaternary: research and development (R&D)-deigning new furniture
Explain changes to the informal and formal economies as a city/country develops.
Less developed countries tend to have more informal economy jobs such as in construction, street selling… because there is generally less regulation and less enforcement
More developed cities/countries tend to have more regulation and enforcement, so more companies need to meet legal obligations, pay tax, keep records, abide by minimum wage, work hours etc
Suggest how developing and emerging countries development could affect developed countries
Manufacturing may move to developing countries, reducing number of jobs in developed countries, quality control may not be as good, reducing customer satisfaction. More competition may drive down prices, often due to low pay and health and safety in developing and emerging countries, which will be good for consumers in developed countries, but will affect businesses and the workers in the developed and emerging countries
