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EQ MSK Flashcards

1
Q

early radiographic signs of osteoarthritis

A

joint effusion
osteophytes
enthesophytes

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2
Q

late/severe radiographic signs of osteoarthritis

A

early changes + narrowing of joint space
sclerosis
lucent regions (demineralization or cystic changes)
anklyosis

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3
Q

type I P3 fracture

A

non-articular oblique palmar/plantar process fracture

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4
Q

type II P3 fracture

A

articular palmar/plantar process fracture

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5
Q

type III P3 fracture

A

sagittal articular fracture

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6
Q

type IV P3 fracture

A

extensor process fracture

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7
Q

type V P3 fracture

A

comminuted fracture

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8
Q

type VI P3 fracture

A

solar margin fracture

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9
Q

type VII P3 fracture

what are the predisposing factors of this?

A

palmar process fracture in foals

hard footing or overtrimming

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10
Q

what are the most common P3 fractures?

A

type I & type II

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11
Q

what fractures are common in horses that perform sliding and turning activities (e.g. reining/working horses)

A

P2 fractures

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12
Q

which views are best to assess for laminitis

A

lateral (esp for rotational vs sinking)
DP

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13
Q

early changes on radiographs from laminitis

A

clinical signs often precede radiographic changes

early = loss of distinction between hoof wall and lamina

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14
Q

what is a radiographic finding of severe laminitis

A

gas in the area of separation of hoof wall and lamina

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15
Q

radiographic findings of chronic laminitis

A

rotation of P3
irregular dorsal margin of P3
“ski tip” of toe of P3
resorption and misshapen

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16
Q

what do flexor cortex erosions of the navicular bone suggest?

A

soft tissue injury - such as to DDFT or navicular bursa

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17
Q

equine foot projections

A

lateral
DP
DP60
DP65
navicular skyline “PP-DP”
D60Pr45L/MPaO

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18
Q

equine fetlock projections

A

lateral
DP
flexed lateral
DMPLO
DLPMO

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19
Q

equine metacarpal/metatarsal projections

A

lateral
DP
DMPLO
DLPMO

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20
Q

fetlock common sites for osteophytes

A

proximal/distal sesamoid
dorsomedial/lateral P1
palmar process of P1

21
Q

radiographic sign of palmar osteochondral disease

A

flattening of distal palmar articular margin of MC3

22
Q

radiographic changes of sesamoiditis

A

enlarged vascular channels
irregular margins
increased opacity

23
Q

cause of dorsal proximal P1 fractures

A

overextension of fetlock joint

24
Q

what can periostitis lead to

A

stress fractures

25
Q

splint bone fractures in the proximal half are due to what?

A

secondary to trauma and are comminuted

26
Q

splint bone fractures in the distal half are due to what?

A

suspensory injury

27
Q

“splints” reactive periostitis is more common where and due to what?

A

medial and forelimbs

trauma or secondary to strain on the interosseous ligament

28
Q

common site of osteochondrosis/OCD on the fetlock

A

sagittal ridge of MC3

29
Q

what is seen with chronic proliferative synovitis

A

smooth bone resorption on dorsal and palmar aspect of MC3 condyle

30
Q

where is sclerosis most common in the carpus

A

radial facet of the third carpal bone

31
Q

two types of carpal bone fractures

A

marginal “chip” fx
slab fx

32
Q

common fracture sites of the carpus

A

proximal & distal intermediate cb
proximal & distal radial cb
proximal third cb
distal medial radius

33
Q

what is an osteochondroma

A

cartilage capped exostosis
proximal to physis

34
Q

what is an exostosis

A

bony protrusion at the level of the physis

35
Q

what is the major difference between foal and adult septic joints

A

foal - hematogenous
adult - direct inoculation

36
Q

3 stifle views

A

lateral
DP
caudo45lateral - craniomedial-oblique

37
Q

which joints communicate in the tarsus?

A

top two joints

38
Q

which joints communicate in the carpus?

A

bottom two

39
Q

which joints communicate in the stifle

A

FP & MFT
FP & LFT 25% of the time

40
Q

where on the stifle do osseous cyst like lesions most commonly occur

A

medial femoral condyle

41
Q

where on the stifle do fragmentation/concave defects (osteochondrosis) most commonly occur

A

lateral femoral trochlea
patella

42
Q

what view is the best to screen for osteochondrosis lesions of the stifle?

A

caudo45lateral-craniomedial oblique

43
Q

4 views for tarsus

A

lateral
DP
DMPLO
DLPMO

44
Q

what is the earliest sign of osteoarthritis in the tarsus

A

osteophyte formation “bone spavin”

45
Q

what are the most common sites of osteochondrosis in the tarsus

A

DIRT (distal intermediate ridge of tibia)
lateral trochlear ridge of talus
medial trochlear ridge of talus
medial malleolus

46
Q

what view is best to look at the most common OC lesions of the tarsus?

A

DMPLO - for DIRT & lateral trochlear ridge of talus

47
Q

what view do you need to look for OCD of the medial malleolus

A

(D10L-PMO)

48
Q

roentgen signs

A

SLOMNS
size
location
opacity
margination
number
shape

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