Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VM728 Imaging > Abdomen Exam > Flashcards

Abdomen Exam Flashcards

1
Q

what organs are part of the retroperitoneal space

A

kidneys
ureters
adrenal glands
aorta
caudal vena cava
some LN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

differentials for retroperitoneal fluid

A

hemorrhage (trauma, coagulopathy, neoplasia)
urine leakage
AKI
foreign body abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why might you see gas in the retroperitoneal space?

A

cranial connection to mediastinum of thorax & caudal connection to intrapelvic region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

significance of mineralization in cat adrenal glands? dogs?

A

cats - insignificant
dogs - benign adenoma or primary malignant neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are you comparing the size of kidneys to when measuring?

A

L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bilateral enlarged kidney ddx

A

renal lymphoma
FIP
hydronephrosis
AKI
congenital PSS
metastatic neoplasia
polycystic kidney disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

unilateral enlarged kidney ddx

A

hydronephrosis
compensatory hypertrophy
primary renal tumor
renal cysts
metastatic neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bilateral small kidney ddx

A

CKD
renal dysplasia/hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

unilateral small kidney ddx

A

CKD
atrophy secondary to chronic obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

causes of cranial displacement of the bladder

A

prostatomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

causes of caudal displacement of the bladder

A

perineal hernia
mid-abdominal mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

causes for lack of visualization of the bladder with normal peritoneal detail

A

small bladder
pelvic bladder (dog)
herniated
ectopic ureters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

causes for lack of visualization of the bladder with poor peritoneal detail

A

young or under conditioned
peritoneal effusion (CHF or ruptured bladder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

causes of emphysematous cystitis

A

diabetes mellitus
corticosteroids
chronic UTI
gas-producing bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the most common uroliths?

A

struvite & calcium oxalate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what view can you do to help see uroliths?

A

paddle shot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 portions of male urethra

A

prostatic
membranous
penile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the purpose of a ‘butt shot’

A

to better see male urethra, esp uretholiths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when should you do a cystourethrogram?

A

rupture or stricture of lower urinary tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what ddx would you have for small gas bubbles present in hepatic parenchyma?

A

abscess or necrotic tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how is the gastric axis displaced with hepatomegaly? microhepatic?

A

hepatomegaly - displaces gastric acid caudally

microhepatic - displaces gastric acid cranially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

dxx for microhepatia

A

chronic liver dz
cirrhosis
PSS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ddx for enlarged/abnormal prostate?

A

prostatic neoplasia
BPH
prostatitis
prostatic abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

if the prostate has mineralization what might you be concerned about

A

prostatic carcinoma
chronic prostatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

if you have a male dog that was neutered as a puppy and you see an enlarged prostate with mineralization, what might you be concerned about?

A

neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which prostatic abnormality is found in both neutered and intact male dogs

A

prostatic neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

severe enlargement of the prostate can be indicative of what?

A

BPH
prostatic abscess
paraprostatic cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

ddx for enlarged and abnormal uterus

A

pyometra
mucometra
hydrometra

29
Q

what day of gestation is early mineralization present?

A

~ 43-45 dog
~ 38 cat

30
Q

what day of gestation can spines and skulls be counted?

A

~50 days

31
Q

what day of gestation can tooth buds and bones of paws be counted?

A

last days of gestation ~65 days

32
Q

ddx for gravid uterus

A

dystocia
fetal demise

33
Q

radiographs are best at assessing _____ factors causing dystocia

A

fetal factors

34
Q

when do changes occur to see fetal demise?

A

24 hours after fetal demise

35
Q

if you see the tail of the spleen on a lateral of a cat should you be concerned?

A

yes

36
Q

ddx for generalized splenomegaly

A

sedation/anesthesia
systemic dz
splenic torsion
neoplasia (lymphoma)

37
Q

ddx for focal splenomegaly

A

neoplasia
extramedullary hematopoiesis
hematoma

38
Q

cause of increased opacity of peritoneal cavity?

A

peritoneal effusion

39
Q

cause of decreased opacity of peritoneal cavity?

A

free gas

40
Q

ddx for free gas in peritoneal cavity

A

iatrogenic (post sx)
rupture
penetrating wound

  • always warrants surgical exploration
41
Q

what is the most hyperechoic abdominal organ

A

spleen

42
Q

most common ddx for a solid nodule/mass in the kidney

A

neoplasia

43
Q

what would you suspect if a kidney had decreased corticomedullary distinction, possibly a hyperechoic medulla, decreased sized, focal mineralization

A

CKD

44
Q

what are the indications for contrast media use in esophageal imaging?

A

dysphagia
regurg
gagging
retching
foreign bodies
strictures
vascular ring anomalies
dysmotility

45
Q

where is the most common place for transient aerophagia?

A

heart base

46
Q

when is barium contraindicated for esophagram

A

if perforation is suspected or if going to endoscopy

47
Q

when would you use iodinated media for an esophagram? what type?

A

if perforation suspected or if scoping
non-ionic

48
Q

what is a secondary finding seen with megaesophagus

A

aspiration pneumonia

49
Q

ddx for congenital canine esophageal dilation

A

idiopathic juvenile megaesophagus (great danes)
vascular ring anomalies (persistent right aortic arch)
idiopathic

50
Q

ddx for acquired canine esophageal dilation

A

myasthenia gravis
paraneoplastic (thymoma)
Addisons
Pb toxicity
polymyositis/polyneuritis
CNS disease
chest trauma
tetanus
autoimmune
foreign bodies
strictures

51
Q

predilection sites for esophageal foreign body

A

thoracic inlet
heart base
esophageal hiatus

52
Q

ddx for feline esophageal dilation

A

vascular ring anomalies
esophageal strictures from doxycycline
idiopathic

53
Q

key finding of persistent right aortic arch causing esophageal dilation

A

focal left ward deviation of trachea

also see cranial dilation

54
Q

if suspected GDV what lateral would you want to do first?

A

right lateral

55
Q

what is a gravel sign indicative of

A

pyloric outflow obstruction

56
Q

when might you see a “string sign”

A

pyloric stenosis

57
Q

normal size of dog small intestine

A

<1.6x the height of L5

58
Q

normal size of cat small intestine

A

12 mm

59
Q

difference between functional and mechanical ileus

A

functional - peristalsis ceases, consistent diameter in loops

mechanical - obstruction, non-uniform distension, 2 distinct populations of larger diameters

60
Q

focal mild distension of SI ddx

A

enteritis
peritonitis
acute/partial obstruction
early functional ileus

61
Q

focal severe distension of SI ddx

A

mechanical obstruction (FB, intussusception, stricture, neoplasia)

62
Q

general mild distension of SI ddx

A

enteritis
pain
electrolyte imbalance/hypokalemia
drugs

63
Q

general severe distension of SI ddx

A

uniform - mesenteric torsion
non-uniform - intestinal volvulus or obstruction of distal bowel

64
Q

what is the normal size of the colon?

A

<1.5x length of L5

65
Q

when might a pneumocolonogram be helpful

A

differentiate between SI and LI

66
Q

what is suggestive of a very large, hypoechoic and/or heterogenous LN

A

neoplasia

67
Q

what is suggestive of normal echogenicity, mild/moderate enlarged LN

A

reactive

68
Q

normal size kidneys in cats (cm)

A

3-4.4. cm
2.5-3x length of L2

VM728 Imaging (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions