Canine MSK + ORAL

Question 1

most common causes of discospondylitis

Answer 1

UTI
dental disease
endocarditis

Question 1

the alveolar ridge should be ___ below the CEJ

Answer 1

2-3 mm

Question 2

most common pathogen of discospondylitis

Answer 2

Staphylococcus

Question 3

radiographic findings of discospondylitis

Answer 3

lysis
sclerosis and/or new bone formation
narrowing of joint space

Question 4

radiographic findings of IVDD

Answer 4

narrowing of IV disc space
mineralized disc
increased opacity and change in size/shape of IV foramen

Question 5

what does a focal decrease in vertebral opacity likely suggest

Answer 5

neoplasia

Question 6

what does a focal increase in vertebral opacity likely suggest

Answer 6

chronic compression fracture
osteomyelitis
possibly degenerative change
possibly neoplasia

Question 7

what does a multifocal decrease in vertebral opacity suggest

Answer 7

metastasis (osteosarc, carcinoma)
multiple myeloma

Question 8

why would you have normal lucency on the ventral aspect of vertebral bodies L2-L4

Answer 8

diaphragm attachment

Question 9

what is the classification of fractures that involve the physes?

Answer 9

SALTER harris classification

Question 10

what does SALTER stand for

Answer 10

separation
above
lower
thru and thru
rammed

Question 11

which salter harris classification have articular involvement?

Answer 11

III
IV

Question 12

what is an avulsion fracture

Answer 12

where an attached tendon/ligament pulls fragment off bone

e.g. tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture

Question 12

humeral condyl fracture
common?
congenital or acquired?
unilateral or bilateral?

Answer 12

spanials/bulldogs & pigs
can be congenital
often bilateral

Question 12

acute vs chronic fractures

Answer 12

acute - sharp, soft tissue swelling

chronic - round, less swelling, periosteal proliferation/callus

Question 13

capital physeal fracture
common in?
what does this cause?

Answer 13

young male neutered cats, esp obese
delayed closure of physis

Question 13

osteomyelitis
common site?
when?

Answer 13

lucency around implant
7-10 days on radiographs (clinical signs precede radiographic signs)

Question 14

healed in abnormal alignment:

Answer 14

malunion

Question 14

healing taking longer than normal:

Answer 14

delayed union

Question 15

types of non-union

Answer 15

vital (hypertrophic or oligotrophic)
non-vital (atrophic, necrotic, defect)

Question 16

hypertrophic non-union

Answer 16

proliferation
NO bridging

Question 17

oligotrophic non-union

Answer 17

little-no proliferation
NO bridging

Question 18

atrophic non-union

Answer 18

bone resorbing at edges

Question 19

necrotic non-union

Answer 19

sequestrum

Question 20

defect non-union

Answer 20

too big to bridge

Question 21

criteria of an aggressive lesion

Answer 21

ill-defined margin (long zone of transition) cortical lysis irregular periosteal proliferation

Question 22

what are the three types of bone lysis? which one can be nonaggressive?

Answer 22

geographic moth eaten permeative

Question 23

primary bone tumor characteristics

Answer 23

osteosarcoma "flees the elbow seeks knee" metaphysis old, large breed dogs

Question 24

metastatic neoplasia characteristics

Answer 24

occurs anywhere, diaphyseal lytic

Question 25

multicentric neoplasia characteristics

Answer 25

multifocal regions of lysis multiple myeloma

Question 26

what if you have an older patient with small-well defined lucencies in typical locations?

Answer 26

osteopenia NOT multiple myeloma

Question 27

soft tissue neoplasia characteristics

Answer 27

multiple bones joint space crossed large soft tissue mass

Question 28

if you have a young-middle aged animal with travel history, systemic illness and radiographic findings on diaphysis or multiple bones, what is higher on your ddx

Answer 28

fungal osteomyelitis

Question 29

what is pathognomonic for hypertrophic osteopathy?

Answer 29

irregular periosteal proliferation of all limbs + swollen limb, lameness, fever

Question 30

hypertrophic osteopathy is due to what

Answer 30

mass in the lung

Question 31

7 signs of osteoarthrosis

Answer 31

joint swelling narrowed joint sclerosis erosion (lucency) osteophyte enthesophyte change in joint margin/shape

Question 32

osteochondrosis signs

Answer 32

flat subchondral bone or concave lucent defect bilateral surounding sclerosis

Question 33

common osteochondrosis regions

Answer 33

caudal aspect of humeral head medial humeral condyle medial femoral condyle lateral trochlear ridge of talus

Question 34

what views are better for evaluating joint instability?

Answer 34

stress views

Question 35

cause of hip dysplasia

Answer 35

increased laxity of hip joints

Question 36

effects of hip dysplasia

Answer 36

flat femoral head shallow acetabulum secondary osteoarthrosis

Question 37

3 types of elbow dysplasia

Answer 37

ununited anconeal process elbow incongruity medial coronoid process disease

Question 38

how can you differentiate between septic arthritis and IMPA?

Answer 38

joint tap -- too similar

Question 39

difference between erosive and non-erosive IMPA

Answer 39

non-erosive - no lysis erosive - bony lysis

Question 40

German shepherd (5-18 months) with ill or well-defined patches of variably faint sclerosis in the medullary cavity

Answer 40

panosteitis

Question 41

treatment for panosteitis?

Answer 41

self limiting

Question 42

large breed, fast growing dog (2-7 months old) that is febrile and lame in multiple limbs

Answer 42

hypertrophic osteodystrophy

Question 43

irregular lucent line in metaphysis parallel to normal physeal line is indicative of what

Answer 43

hypertrophic osteodystrophy

Question 44

large-giant breed dog with a lucent, conical cartilage core in the medullary region of the ulnar metaphysis

Answer 44

retained cartilage core

Question 45

most common site for retained cartilage core?

Answer 45

distal ulna

Question 46

2 types of osteopenia

Answer 46

hyperparathyroidism disuse osteopenia

Question 47

osseous disorder of too much mineral

Answer 47

polyostotic hyperostosis

Question 48

radiographic findings of hyperparathyroidism

Answer 48

cortical thinning decreased bone opacity loss of lamina dura

Question 49

young animal or exotic with cortical bone thinning, decreased opacity +/- folding fracture

Answer 49

nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 50

animal with loss of lamina dura around teeth, thin cortex but teeth remain dense

Answer 50

renal secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 51

overall decreased opacity and coarse trabecular pattern in medulla

Answer 51

disuse osteopenia

Question 52

what is most evident in the femur and due to female reproductive activity, usually seen in birds

Answer 52

polyostotic hyperostosis (more opaque/dense bone)