Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthopedics > EQ Developmental Orthopaedic disease > Flashcards

EQ Developmental Orthopaedic disease Flashcards

1
Q

Name examples of developmental orthropedic diseases in:

  1. Horses
  2. Dogs
  3. Cows
  4. Pigs
A
  1. Horse - OCD, Physitis, Angular limb deformities, Flexural deformities
  2. Canine - OCD, Legg calve perthes, hip dysplasia, hypertrophic osteodystrophy
  3. Cow - OCD, FLEXURAL DEFORMITIES
  4. Pig - OCD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the different zones of the growth plates.

A

Resting

Proliferative

Hypertrophic

Calcified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex?

A

The area at which epiphyseal bone transitions to being articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chondrodysplasia

A

Abnormal endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Outline the pathophysiology of OCD.

A
  1. Disruption of blood supply
    1. Affects subchondral bone mineralisation
    2. Alters biomechanical properties of tissues
  2. Abnormal chondrocyte development
  3. Defective matrix production
  4. Persistence of hypertrophic chondrocytes
  5. Weakened, abnormal cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do cartilage flaps occur during OCD?

A

Shear forces and weight-bearing

Separation at osteo-chondral junction

Cartilage flaps & fragments

Exposed subchondral bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with OCD?

A
  • Joint effusion
  • Pain
  • Swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What endocrine factors influence OCD formation?

A
  1. Testosterone
  2. Growth hormone
  3. Transient hyperinsulinaemia
  4. Transient hypothyroidism - affect chondrocyte maturation
  5. Growth factors - alter chondrocyte metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What nutritional factors influence OCD formation?

A
  1. XS energy and protein
  2. Ca:P imbalance - XS P
  3. Cu:Zn imbalance
    1. Cu involved in collagen cross-linking
    2. lysyl oxidase enzyme
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do subchondral cyst-like lesions occur in OCD?

A
  • Retention of cartilage core
  • Collapse of cartilage
  • Pressure from synovial fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Outline the pathogenesis of hypertrophic osteodystrophy.

A

Idiopathic cause

Necrosis of capillary loops of cartilage of metaphyseal physis

Cuff of metaplastic cartilage and bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What clinical signs are observed with hypertrophic osteodystrophy?

A
  • Lameness
  • Pyrexia
  • Lethergy
  • Pain
  • Bilateral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What radiographic abnormalities are observed with hypertrophic osteodystrophy?

A
  • Abnormal bone on dyaphyseal side of physis
  • Decreased radiodensity parallel to physis
  • Irregular widening of physis
  • Sub&extra-periosteal new bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Panosteitis

A

Pain/ inflammation of long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathogenesis of panosteitis

A
  1. Increased osteoblastic/ fibrobastic activity
    1. Endosteum
    2. Periosteum
    3. Marrow cavity
  2. Fibrosis of bone tissue
17
Q

Outline the clinical signs and radiographic abnormalities associated with panosteitis.

A
  1. Clinical signs
    1. Acute lameness
    2. Shifting lameness
    3. Lethergy
    4. Pain
  2. Radiographic abnormalities
    1. Increased opacityof medullary cavity
    2. Indistinct trabecular pattern
    3. Increased endosteal opacity
18
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?

A

Femoral head necrosis

  • Avascular necrosis of the femoral head
  • When subchondral bone looses strength the structure collapses
19
Q

What clinical signs and radiographic changes are observed with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?

A
  1. Clinical signs
    1. Acute lameness
    2. Fracture/collapse of femoral head
  2. Radiographic signs
    1. Osteolysis of femoral head
    2. Collapsed and thickened femoral head
    3. Fracture

Treated by femoral head excision

20
Q

How can hip dysplasia be caused?

A
  1. Laxity of the coxo-femoral joint
  2. Abnormal femoral head/ acetabular anatomy
21
Q

What is the difference between valgus and varus?

A

Valgus - lateral deviation distally

Vargus - medial deviation distally

22
Q

Asynchronus growth of bone pairs in dogs leads to what?

A

Angular limb deformation

23
Q

Outine the sequelae to canine elbow dysplasia?

A
  • OCD
  • Ununited anconeal process
  • fragmented coronoid processes
24
Q

How do angular limb deformities develop in horses?

A

Disproportionate bone growth at epiphysis

Orthopedics (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions