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CATSchool > EQ > Flashcards

EQ Flashcards

1
Q

Most earthquake damage comes from

A

Ground shaking

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2
Q

Earthquake movement generates this which propagates through earth

A

Seismic waves

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3
Q

Verisk uses this to describe the interaction between buildings, including both structural and non structural components as well as their contents, and the local intensity to which they are exposed

A

Damage functions / Damageability relationships

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4
Q

Sheer stress applied across fault

A

Elastic deformation

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5
Q

90% of earthquake occurs along

A

Plate boundaries

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6
Q

Describes the movement of the mantle

A

Mantle convection

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7
Q

Most likely magnitude of an event to occur on each fault

A

Characteristic magnitude

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8
Q

Western US data on more than 200 faults includes slip rate , length and width of fault, dip angle, characteristic magnitude and frequency of event

A

USGS data

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9
Q

Verisk uses this to classify the earthquake magnitude

A

Movement magnitude

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10
Q

Best indicates the destructive power of an earthquake

A

Energy release

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11
Q

Small magnitude and produce shorter periods of waves

A

Crustal earthquake

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12
Q

Larger magnitude and produce longer periods of waves

A

Subduction earthquakes

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13
Q

Largest increase in velocity recorded by a particular station during earthquake. What is experienced by a particle on earth

A

Peak ground acceleration PGA

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14
Q

What is experienced by a building

A

Spectral acceleration SA

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15
Q

Earthquake related perils

A

Ground shaking,
Tsunami,
Landslide,
Liquefaction,
Fire following,
Sprinkler leakage

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16
Q

Tsunamis can be generated by

A

Earthquake
Landslides
Meteorites
Volcanic Eruptions

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17
Q

Capable of generating tsunami

A

Tsunamigenic

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18
Q

Destruction from tsunamis is the direct result of

A

Inundation
Wave impact on structures
Erosion

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19
Q

Location data needed for earthquake

A

Epicentre
Focal depth
Fault or seismic zone

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20
Q

Faults tend to produce earthquakes of a certain magnitude at fairly regular intervals

A

Characteristic of fault segment

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21
Q

Verisk models time independent catalog for all regions except for which are time dependent catalog

A

Cascadia subduction zone
Characteristic California earthquakes

22
Q

How is stress accumulation across a region measured to determine plate motion velocities

A

GPS data

23
Q

Empirical relationship between the frequency and magnitude of earthquakes - cumulative annual frequency of earthquakes decreases as magnitude increases

A

Gutenberg Ritcher magnitude rate distribution

24
Q

What controls the magnitude of background seismicity

A

G R curve

25
Q

Shows the difference between soil and rock types

A

Seismic site amplification

26
Q

History of how displacement, velocity and acceleration vary with time.

A

Time histories

27
Q

What time history do we focus on

A

Acceleration time history

28
Q

Recorded acceleration vs time

A

Ground motion

29
Q

To see which frequencies of oscillation are more prevalent during an earthquake by allowing to break the acceleration time history in all the different frequencies and understand their Amplitude ( amplitude as a function of frequency)

A

Fourier spectrum

30
Q

Tall structures responds to ____ period of shaking

A

Long

31
Q

____ structures respond to short period of shaking

A

Short

32
Q

Frequency with which the building wants to vibrate

A

Natural frequency

33
Q

When we subject building to a ground motion with a frequency that is very similar to its natural frequency, the amplitude of vibration increases. This phenomenon is called ___

A

Resonance

34
Q

If a building experiences mechanical resonance, the deformation can be ____

A

Large enough to produce severe damamge

35
Q

What influences the natural period of vibration of structures?

A
  1. Stiffness
  2. Quantity and distribution of mass
36
Q

As stiffness and fixity increases natural period of building ____

A

Decreases

37
Q

Less slender a building is, the ____ will be its natural period

A

Lower

38
Q

A building with lower mass will have ____ period of vibration

A

Lower

39
Q

Very simple structure where the mass M is concentrated at a point connected to the ground with a column of stiffness K - used to identify the natural period of vibration

A

SDOF Single degree of freedom oscillator

40
Q

Stiffer the structure ___ the natural period of vibration

A

Shorter

41
Q

Skyscrapers are heavy and very flexible and hence their natural period is

A

High

42
Q

As mass increases and stiffness decreases, the natural period

A

Increases

43
Q

Low rise buildings are light and stiff and hence their natural frequency is

A

Low

44
Q

If mass decreases and stiffness increases , the natural period

A

Decreases

45
Q

Mass depends on

A

Material and dimension

46
Q

Stiffness depends on

A

Material, dimensions and structural system

47
Q

Building vulnerability depends mainly on

A

Material
Resisting mechanism
Height

48
Q

In order to estimate damage and loss, mathematical relationships are employed correlating ground motion intensity to building structure damage. these relationships are referred to as

A

Damage function

49
Q

Loss divided by replacement value

A

Mean damage ratio

50
Q

How do we compute Spectral Acceleration

A

Single degree of freedom oscillator SDOF

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