EQ

Question 1

Most earthquake damage comes from

Answer 1

Ground shaking

Question 2

Earthquake movement generates this which propagates through earth

Answer 2

Seismic waves

Question 3

Verisk uses this to describe the interaction between buildings, including both structural and non structural components as well as their contents, and the local intensity to which they are exposed

Answer 3

Damage functions / Damageability relationships

Question 4

Sheer stress applied across fault

Answer 4

Elastic deformation

Question 5

90% of earthquake occurs along

Answer 5

Plate boundaries

Question 6

Describes the movement of the mantle

Answer 6

Mantle convection

Question 7

Most likely magnitude of an event to occur on each fault

Answer 7

Characteristic magnitude

Question 8

Western US data on more than 200 faults includes slip rate , length and width of fault, dip angle, characteristic magnitude and frequency of event

Answer 8

USGS data

Question 9

Verisk uses this to classify the earthquake magnitude

Answer 9

Movement magnitude

Question 10

Best indicates the destructive power of an earthquake

Answer 10

Energy release

Question 11

Small magnitude and produce shorter periods of waves

Answer 11

Crustal earthquake

Question 12

Larger magnitude and produce longer periods of waves

Answer 12

Subduction earthquakes

Question 13

Largest increase in velocity recorded by a particular station during earthquake. What is experienced by a particle on earth

Answer 13

Peak ground acceleration PGA

Question 14

What is experienced by a building

Answer 14

Spectral acceleration SA

Question 15

Earthquake related perils

Answer 15

Ground shaking,
Tsunami,
Landslide,
Liquefaction,
Fire following,
Sprinkler leakage

Question 16

Tsunamis can be generated by

Answer 16

Earthquake
Landslides
Meteorites
Volcanic Eruptions

Question 17

Capable of generating tsunami

Answer 17

Tsunamigenic

Question 18

Destruction from tsunamis is the direct result of

Answer 18

Inundation
Wave impact on structures
Erosion

Question 19

Location data needed for earthquake

Answer 19

Epicentre
Focal depth
Fault or seismic zone

Question 20

Faults tend to produce earthquakes of a certain magnitude at fairly regular intervals

Answer 20

Characteristic of fault segment

Question 21

Verisk models time independent catalog for all regions except for which are time dependent catalog

Answer 21

Cascadia subduction zone
Characteristic California earthquakes

Question 22

How is stress accumulation across a region measured to determine plate motion velocities

Answer 22

GPS data

Question 23

Empirical relationship between the frequency and magnitude of earthquakes - cumulative annual frequency of earthquakes decreases as magnitude increases

Answer 23

Gutenberg Ritcher magnitude rate distribution

Question 24

What controls the magnitude of background seismicity

Answer 24

G R curve

Question 25

Shows the difference between soil and rock types

Answer 25

Seismic site amplification

Question 26

History of how displacement, velocity and acceleration vary with time.

Answer 26

Time histories

Question 27

What time history do we focus on

Answer 27

Acceleration time history

Question 28

Recorded acceleration vs time

Answer 28

Ground motion

Question 29

To see which frequencies of oscillation are more prevalent during an earthquake by allowing to break the acceleration time history in all the different frequencies and understand their Amplitude ( amplitude as a function of frequency)

Answer 29

Fourier spectrum

Question 30

Tall structures responds to ____ period of shaking

Answer 30

Long

Question 31

____ structures respond to short period of shaking

Answer 31

Short

Question 32

Frequency with which the building wants to vibrate

Answer 32

Natural frequency

Question 33

When we subject building to a ground motion with a frequency that is very similar to its natural frequency, the amplitude of vibration increases. This phenomenon is called ___

Answer 33

Resonance

Question 34

If a building experiences mechanical resonance, the deformation can be ____

Answer 34

Large enough to produce severe damamge

Question 35

What influences the natural period of vibration of structures?

Answer 35

1. Stiffness 2. Quantity and distribution of mass

Question 36

As stiffness and fixity increases natural period of building ____

Answer 36

Decreases

Question 37

Less slender a building is, the ____ will be its natural period

Answer 37

Lower

Question 38

A building with lower mass will have ____ period of vibration

Answer 38

Lower

Question 39

Very simple structure where the mass M is concentrated at a point connected to the ground with a column of stiffness K - used to identify the natural period of vibration

Answer 39

SDOF Single degree of freedom oscillator

Question 40

Stiffer the structure ___ the natural period of vibration

Answer 40

Shorter

Question 41

Skyscrapers are heavy and very flexible and hence their natural period is

Answer 41

High

Question 42

As mass increases and stiffness decreases, the natural period

Answer 42

Increases

Question 43

Low rise buildings are light and stiff and hence their natural frequency is

Answer 43

Low

Question 44

If mass decreases and stiffness increases , the natural period

Answer 44

Decreases

Question 45

Mass depends on

Answer 45

Material and dimension

Question 46

Stiffness depends on

Answer 46

Material, dimensions and structural system

Question 47

Building vulnerability depends mainly on

Answer 47

Material Resisting mechanism Height

Question 48

In order to estimate damage and loss, mathematical relationships are employed correlating ground motion intensity to building structure damage. these relationships are referred to as

Answer 48

Damage function

Question 49

Loss divided by replacement value

Answer 49

Mean damage ratio

Question 50

How do we compute Spectral Acceleration

Answer 50

Single degree of freedom oscillator SDOF