Epstein Barr Virus

Question 1

what type of virus is EBV

Answer 1

group 1 (dsDNA)

herpes family

Question 2

how is EBV transmitted

Answer 2

infected saliva

Question 3

what type of infection (acute/chronic/latent) does EBV cause

Answer 3

latent

Question 4

which cells does EBV infect

Answer 4

1. initially replicates in oropharyngeal epithelium

2. progeny viruses infect B cells (via C3bR) - latency and B cell immortalisation

Question 5

what is the main disease caused by EBV

Answer 5

infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)

Question 6

what are the symptoms of IM

Answer 6

classical clinical triad:

1. fever
2. pharyngitis
3. lymphadenopathy (cervical lymph node enlargement)

can also present with splenomegaly, headache and malaise

Question 7

which malignancies can arise from EBV infection

Answer 7

1. Burkitt’s lymphoma

2. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 8

what is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis

Answer 8

norovirus

Question 9

what type of virus is norovirus

Answer 9

group IV (ssRNA)

Question 10

what type of infection (acute/chronic/latent) does norovirus cause

Answer 10

acute

Question 11

how is norovirus transmitted

Answer 11

1. faecal-oral route
2. person-to-person

is v. contagious

Question 12

in which cell type does norovirus replicate

Answer 12

small intestine cells

Question 13

describe the management of norovirus gastroenteritis

Answer 13

supportive: fluids, antiemetics, antidiarrhoeals

Question 14

what type of virus is adenovirus

Answer 14

dsDNA

Question 15

describe the structure of adenovirus

Answer 15

• non-enveloped

- unique fibre associated with each penton base of capsid

Question 16

how is adenovirus transmitted

Answer 16

inhalation of airbornevirus - highly contagious

Question 17

in which cell type does adenovirus replicate and how does it enter these cells

Answer 17

• replicates in epithelial cells, e.g. resp. tract, eye, intestine and urinary tract
• fibre protein binds to cell R (CD46)… penton base protein interacts with integrin… endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits

Question 18

what diseases can adenovirus cause

Answer 18

1. respiratory infections, e.g. viral pneumonia, acute resp. disease, acute febrile pharyngitis
2. GI infections - infantile gastroenteritis
3. occular infections
4. urinary tract infections

Question 19

how is norovirus diagnosed

Answer 19

ELISA of stool specimens

Question 20

which antiviral can be used to treat herpes simplex and varicella zoster

Answer 20

acyclovir

Question 21

what is the MOA of acyclovir

Answer 21

inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Question 22

which antiviral can be used to treat influenza A and B

Answer 22

oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

Question 23

what is the MOA of oseltamivir

Answer 23

inhibits viral neuraminidase