Epithelium & Glands I

Question 1

Epithelium Features

Answer 1

Avascular
Exterior body surfaces and cavity linings
secretory portion(parenchyma) and ducts of glands
specialized cells

Question 2

Epithelium Functions

Answer 2

Secretion
Absorption
Transport
Mechanical Protection
Receptor

Question 3

Specialization of apical cells

Answer 3

cilia
microvilli
stereocilia
keratinized
nonkeratinized

Question 4

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Answer 4

Functions: exchange, barrier, lubrication (ex. pericardium)
Locations:
endothelium, mesothelium, bowman’s capsule, aveoli

Question 5

Mesentery

Answer 5

simple squamous epithelium
fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen

Question 6

Mesovarium

Answer 6

Simple Squamous Epithelium

the portion of the broad ligament of the uterus that suspends the ovaries

Question 7

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 7

Functions: absorption, secretion, barrier
Locations:
Small ducts of exocrine glads. Surface of ovary. Kidney tubules(with microvilli). Thyroid follicles. Liver hepatocytes.

Question 8

Proximal Convoluted Tubules

Answer 8

PC

simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli

Question 9

Distal Convoluted Tubules

Answer 9

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 10

Simple Columbar Epithelium

Answer 10

Functions: absorption, secretion
Locations:
stomach, sm. intestine, Lg intestine, gallbladder, uterine tube

Question 11

Absorptive cells

Answer 11

AC
simple columnar epithelium
GC - goblet cells
ex. Lg. Intestine

Question 12

Pseudo-stratified Epithelium

Answer 12

confirmed by electron microscopy
Functions: secretion, conduit, absorption
Locations: Trachea & bronchial tree, Ductus deferens, epididymis.

Question 13

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 13

Keratinized or Non.
Functions: barrier, protection.
Locations: esophagus, vagina, epidermis, oral cavity

Question 14

Stratum corneum

Answer 14

SC

dead cells filled with keratin filaments

Question 15

Stratum granulosum

Answer 15

SGr

most superficial layer of nucleated squamous cells

Question 16

Stratum basale

Answer 16

SB

layer of cuboidal cells attached to basement membrane

Question 17

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 17

2-3 layers
Functions: barrier, conduit
Locations: sweat gland ducts(eccrine), large ducts of the exocrine glands, anorectal junction.

Question 18

Eccrine

Answer 18

do not lose cytoplasm in their secretions, especially the sweat glands found widely distributed on the skin

Question 19

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 19

2-3 layers
Rare
Functions: barrier, conduit.
Locations: largest ducts of exocrine glands, anorectal junction.

Question 20

Transitional Epithelium

Answer 20

Urothelium
Umbrella cells - smooth dome-shaped
Baal cells - cuboidal, middle - polygonal, apical - bulge into lumen.
May present multinucleate.
Functions: barrier, distensible.
Locations: urinary system(renal calyces, ureter, bladder, urethra)

Question 21

Apical Specializations

Answer 21

cilia
microvilli
stereocilia

Question 22

Lateral specializations

Answer 22

occluding junctional complexes
Anchoring junctional complexes
communicating junctions

Question 23

Basal specializations

Answer 23

anchoring junctional complexes

Question 24

Basal bodies

Answer 24

Base of cilia 9 triplets vs body’s 9+2.
modified centriole - MTOC
Location: resp. epithelium, fallopian tube

Question 25

Terminal Web

Answer 25

Actin network - anchors microvilli (20-30 fiber actin core) via spectrin
Locations: sm. intestine, gall bladder, kidney

Question 26

Stereocilia

Answer 26

up to 120 micrometers
Actin core
Absorption
Location: epididymis, vas deferens, inner ear