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Histology > Epithelium & Glands > Flashcards

Epithelium & Glands Flashcards

Describe and recognize histological components of epithelia

1
Q

What 3 surfaces of the body are not covered by epithelial cells?

A
  1. articular cartilage of joints
  2. tooth enamel
  3. anterior surface of iris
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2
Q

6 basic functions of epithelia?

A
  1. protection (skin)
  2. absorption (intestines)
  3. transport of material @ surface (cilia)
  4. secretion (glands)
  5. excretion (kidney tubules)
  6. gas exchange (lung alveoli)
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3
Q

T/F, epithelial cells have almost no free intercell substances

A

True

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4
Q

T/F, most epithelial cells renew continuously by mitosis

A

True

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5
Q

Are epithelial cells vascular?

A

No, nutrients delivered by diffusion

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6
Q

What cell structure forms boundary b/w apical & basolateral domains of epithelial cells?

A

Tight junction

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7
Q

What is a major component of microvilli and where is it found?

A
  • actin

- small intestine & proximal convoluted tubule of kidney

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8
Q

Major component & location of stereocilia (steriovilli)?

A
  • actin

- vas deferens/epipidymis

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9
Q

Major component & location of cilia?

A
  • MTs

- resp tract, Fallopian tube, sperm

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10
Q

Major distinguishable feature of stereocilia?

A

Branches (looks like a cactus)

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11
Q

What junction functions as a barrier on lateral surface of epithelia? 3 examples?

A
  • Tight junction/zona occludens/occluding junction

- occludins, claudins, ZO proteins

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12
Q

Major type of adhering junction? 2 examples?

A
  • adherens junction/zonula adherens/adhering belt/anchoring junction
  • e-cadherin, catenin complexes
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13
Q

Adhering junction associated w/ IM filaments? Major example?

A
  • desmosome (Macula adherens)

- cadherin family of proteins (desmogleins & desmocollin)

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14
Q

Major type of communicating junction? Example?

A
  • gap junction; connexin
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15
Q

What are the 2 components of basement membrane?

A
  1. basal lamina

2. reticular lamina

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16
Q

Staining method used to ID basement membrane? Why are they able to be stained?

A
  • periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)

- rich in glycoproteins

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17
Q

Major components of basal lamina? (5)

A
  • laminin
  • fibronectin
  • type IV collagen
  • heparan sulfate proteoglycans
  • nidogen (entactin)
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18
Q

Major component of reticular lamina?

A
  • type III collagen (reticular fibers)
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19
Q

Location of simple squamous epithelium? (4)

A
  1. blood vessel lining (endothelium)
  2. body cavity lining (mesothelium)
  3. resp space lining (alveoli)
  4. Bowman’s capsule in kidney
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20
Q

Function of simple squamous epithelium? (3)

A
  1. exchange of gases/nutrients
  2. barrier
  3. lubrication
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21
Q

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium? (2)

A
  1. absorption/secretion

2. protection

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22
Q

Locations of simple cuboidal epithelium? (4)

A
  1. small ducts of exocrine glands
  2. surface of ovary
  3. kidney tubules
  4. thyroid follicles
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23
Q

Function of simple columnar epithelium? (3)

A
  1. absorption/secretion
  2. protection
  3. lubrication
24
Q

Locations of simple columnar epithelium? (3)

A
  1. lining of GI sys
  2. lining of gallbladder
  3. some large ducts
25
Q

Functions of stratified squamous epithelium? (2)

A
  1. protection

2. secretion

26
Q

Locations of stratified squamous epithelium? (3)

A
  1. oral cavity lining
  2. esophagus lining
  3. vaginal lining
27
Q

Function of stratified cuboidal epithelium? (1)

A
  1. absorption/secretion
28
Q

Locations of stratified cuboidal epithelium? (2)

A
  1. sweat glands/ducts

2. larger ducts of exocrine glands

29
Q

Functions of stratified columnar epithelium? (2)

A
  1. secretion/absorption

2. protection

30
Q

Location of stratified columnar epithelium? (1)

A
  1. largest ducts of exocrine glands
31
Q

Functions of pseudostratified epithelium? (3)

A
  1. protection
  2. secrection/absorption
  3. lubrication
32
Q

Locations of pseudostratified epithelium? (5)

A

Linings of:

  1. trachea
  2. bronchi
  3. nasal cavity
  4. ductus deferens
  5. parts of epididymis
33
Q

Key function of transitional epithelium?

A

Ability to distend

34
Q

Only location of transitional epithelium?

A

Renal system (urethra, bladder, ureters, renal calyces)

35
Q

3 types of exocrine glands and location in body?

A
  1. merocrine gland (facial glands)
  2. holocrine gland (underlies skin/hair)
  3. apocrine gland (breast)
36
Q

Where is nucleus located in columnar cells? Shape?

A
  • elongated

- located on basal side

37
Q

Secretory mechanism of holocrine glands?

A

Terminally differentiated cells filled w/ lipid product are released

38
Q

Secretory mechanism of merocrine glands?

A

Exocytosis

39
Q

Secretory mechanism of apocrine glands?

A

Secrete fat droplets

40
Q

What are goblet cells (mucous glands)? Function?

A

Exocrine glands that produce mucous

41
Q

What are serous glands? How to stain them?

A
  • exocrine glands that produce largely enzymes

- stain darkly w/ H&E due to their high RER & secretory granule content

42
Q

Functions of basement membrane? (9)

A
  1. filtration (semi-permeable)
  2. structural support for epithelial cells
  3. attach epithelia to underlying connective tissue
  4. organize integrins & other PM proteins
  5. maintain cell polarity
  6. localize endocytosis & signal transduction
  7. mediate cell-to-cell interactions among epithelia
  8. mark routes for cell migration along epithelia
  9. repair/regeneration
43
Q

What IM filament is found in the cytoplasm of most cells?

A

Keratin

44
Q

What 2 features used in naming epithelial cells?

A
  1. # of layers

2. shape

45
Q

What type of gland produces glycoproteins that absorb water to form sticky secretions?

A

Mucous glands

produce mucin

46
Q

What component of resp tract epithelial cells protect body from foreign particles?

A

Cilia

47
Q

Zona adherens junctions = cadherins + ?

A

Actin filaments

48
Q

Macula adherens junctions = cadherins + ?

A

IM filaments

49
Q

What do focal adhesions link?

A

ECM to intracell actin bundles thru integrins

50
Q

What do hemidesmosomes link?

A

ECM (basal lamina) to intracell IM filaments thru integrins

51
Q

What are the 2 broad classifications of epithelial cells?

A
  1. Lining/coating

2. Glandular

52
Q

What types of secretory units does the submandibular gland contain?

A
  1. serous

2. mucous

53
Q

T/F, serous secretions are protein-rich watery

A

True

54
Q

T/F, mucous secretions are protein-rich watery

A

False, carb-rich & viscous

55
Q

Epithelial cancers are usually the result of reduced expression of what gene?

A

E-cadherin

Histology (7 decks)

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