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MAE Blocks > Epithelium, CT, GAMETOGENSIS, Embryogensis > Flashcards

Epithelium, CT, GAMETOGENSIS, Embryogensis Flashcards

1
Q

Spermatogenic cycle

A

Time it takes for reappearance of a stage

(spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatozoa)

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2
Q

Spermatic Wave

A

Distance between the same stages

(spermatogonia to spermatocyte to spermatozoa)

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the acrosome?

A

Contains digestive enzymes to help sperm move to fertilize egg

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4
Q

Maturation

A

Transformation of spermatids to spermatozoa or sperm

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5
Q

Mitosis in Spermatogenisis

A

Spermatogonia divide to produce diploid primary spermatocytes

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6
Q

Meiosis 1 of spermatogenisis

A

Primary spermatocytes duplicate and crossover and separate to make 2 haploid secondary spermatocytes

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7
Q

Meiosis 2 in spermatogenisis

A

Chromatids desperate to make 4 haploid spermatids

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8
Q

Leydig cells function in spermatogenisis

A

Responds to LH, produces testosterone, aids in development and supports sertoli cells

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9
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Responds to FSH, produces inhibin and androgen binding proteins, nourishes developing sperm cells

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10
Q

Negative feedback in the gonads

A

LH - Leydig cells - testosterone

FSH - Sertoli cells - inhibin, Androgen binding proteins (ABP)

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11
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Functional unit of sperm production

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12
Q

Primordial germ cells (PGC)

A

Primary undifferentiated stem cells that turn into differentiated male and female germ cells (spermatogonia or oogonia) that develops into gametes (spermatozoa or ova) through spermatogenisis or oogenisis

In early embryo development

Migrates to genital ridge of gonad

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13
Q

Fertilization

A

Single sperm penetrates ovum to make diploid chromosomes to form zygote (zygogenesis)

occurs in the ampulla

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14
Q

What is the site of fertilization during oogenesis?

A

Ampullae Isthmic Junction

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15
Q

What is the function unit of the ovary?

A

The ovarian follicle

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16
Q

Polyspermy Fast block

A

Na ions prevent fusion of sperm to block polyspermy

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17
Q

Polyspermy slow block

A

Cortical granules release enzymes mediated by release of Ca

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18
Q

What process leads to the differentiation of cells into 2 parts called the embryoblast and the trophoblast?

A

Blastulation

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19
Q

Spermatogonia and oogonia are _______ stem cells that are created by differentiation of _______

A

Unipotent, primordial germ cells

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20
Q

Name two structures of the developing embryo that contributes to the cranial caudal orientation?

A

Primitive streak and notochord

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21
Q

True or false: extra embryonic tissues will come from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst?

A

False. The inner cell mass becomes the embryo, extra tissue comes from outer cel mass or trophoblast

22
Q

Which stage of development, after fertilization, enters the uterus?

A

Blastocyst

23
Q

Notochord

A

From mesoderm

Provides direction, Contributes to vertebra discs

Triggers ectoderm to neuroectoderm

24
Q

What is a blastocoele?

A

The cavity that becomes the yolk sac

25
Q

What is the trophoblast?

A

Surrounds the embryolast

Made of Amnion, Yolk sac, Allantois, and Chorion to form placenta

26
Q

What causes congenital abnormalities during embryo growth?

A

Teratogens

27
Q

What forms the embryo?

A

The Embryoblast (inner cell mass)

Which is made of epiblast and hypoblast

28
Q

Example of totipotent, unipotent, and pluripotent stem cells?

A

Zygote= Totipotent

Gastrulation= pluripotent

Primordial germ cells- unipotent

29
Q

Lateral Plate SOMATIC

A

AKA parietal

serous membranes of peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities

Ass. with ectoderm

30
Q

Lateral plate Splanchnic

A

AKA visceral

Cardiovascular system, kidneys, smooth muscle

Ass. with endoderm

31
Q

What is the intermediate mesoderm associated with?

A

Urogenital, genital ridge

32
Q

What happens during gastrulation?

A

Primative streak in the epiblast forms trilaminar disk (Endo, meso, ectoderm)

33
Q

Paraxial mesoderm?

A

somitogenisis

Sclerotome- vertebra, skull
Myotome- striated muscles
Dermotome- dermis

34
Q

At what point does the embryo enter the uterus?

A

Blastulation, hatches from zona pellucida

35
Q

What is the name of the daughter cells after cleavage occurs?

A

Blastomere

36
Q

Hormones associated with oogenisis

A

LH = Theca cells = testosterone

FSH = Granulosa cells = turns testosterone to estradiol

37
Q

Capacitation

A

maturation in response to uterine and oviductal secretions

Needed for fertilization, prior to acrosome rxn

38
Q

Collagen

A

most important protein and fiber

Type 1- high tensile strength

Type 3- reticular fibers

39
Q

Ground substance

A

product of resident cells

40
Q

Glycoaminoglycans

A

Hyaluronic Acid, ________ sulfates

41
Q

Loose vs dense connective tissue

A

Loose- more cells, few fibers, irregular ONLY (will appear more purple because nuclei is basophilic)

Dense- few cells, many fibers packed CLOSE, regular or irregular (appears more pink because fibers are eosinophilic)

42
Q

Example of a mixed product

A

Saliva (mucous and serous)

43
Q

Mode of secretions

A

Halocrine- cell sacrifices and dies

Merocrine- exocytosis system

Apocrine- apical portion breaks off and leaves, cell stays

44
Q

Fibroblast vs Fibrocyte

A

Fibroblast in active, fibrocyte is inactive

45
Q

Reticular fibers

A

“net like” scaffolding for parenchyma

For support

Stain: silver stain

46
Q

Monocyte

A

A macrophage in the blood

47
Q

The lining of the urinary bladder is called?

A

Transitional, urothelium

48
Q

What is an example of unicellular epithelia?

A

Goblet cells

49
Q

Where can squamous lining epithelium be found?

A

Mesothelium, Endothelium, Alveolar walls

50
Q

Where are columnar lining epithelium found?

A

Luminal surface of SI & LI, uterus and uterine tubes, gall bladder

51
Q

Where are cuboidal lining epithelium found?

A

Ducts, lens of eye, follicle of thyroid gland, kidney

52
Q

Where is bone derived from?

A

Mesoderm

MAE Blocks (4 decks)

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