Endocrine

Question 1

Releasing Hormones

Answer 1

1. GnRH
2. GHRH
3. PRF
4. TRH
5. CRH

Question 2

IHC Stain

Answer 2

antibodies attach to LH, LH will appear brown

Question 3

What is an example of a positive feedback loop?

Answer 3

Oxytocin

Question 4

Primary endocrine organs

Answer 4

1. Thyroid gland
2. Parathyroid gland
3. Adrenal glands
4. Pineal glands
5. Pituitary gland

Question 5

What makes up the adenohypophysis?

Answer 5

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

1. Pars Distalis
2. Pars Intermedia
3. Pars Tuberalis

Question 6

What makes up the neurohypophysis?

Answer 6

POSTERIOR PITUITARY

1. Pars Nervosa
2. Pars Infundibulum

Question 7

What is the function of herring bodies and where are they located?

Answer 7

Stores ADH and Oxytocin, stains eosinophilic

Found in Pars Nervosa or posterior pituitary

Question 8

Proopiomelanocortin

Answer 8

Found in Pars Intermedia of anterior pituitary

1. Endotropins
2. Melanotrophins
3. Lipotrophins

Question 9

Examples of Acidophilic chromophils vs basophilic

Answer 9

Acidophilic- GH, PRL
Basophilic- ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH

Question 10

What is Rathke’s pouch and where is it located?

Answer 10

Hypophyseal cavity containing cerebral fluid

Found in anterior pituitary

Question 11

Where is the anterior pituitary derived from?

Answer 11

Epithelial/ Ectoderm, Roof of pharynx

Question 12

Where is the posterior pituitary derived from?

Answer 12

Neuroectoderm (diencephalon)

Question 13

What makes up the adrenal cortex?

Answer 13

1. Zona glomerulosa
2. Zona Fasciculata
3. Zona Reticularis

Question 14

Zona glomerulosa

Answer 14

mineralocorticoid (SALT)

stains basophilic

ALDOSTERONE which increases BP

Question 15

Zona fasciculata

Answer 15

Glucocorticoid (SUGAR)

CORTISOL to liver, muscles, adipose, immune cells

Question 16

Zona Reticularis

Answer 16

SEX STERIOIDS, Weak androgens

stains more eosinophilic

Question 17

Parathyroid Gland

Answer 17

• Chief cells secrete PARATHORMONE (PTH) in response to decreased plasma Ca+ (Hypocalcemia)

Question 18

What does PTH do?

Answer 18

Located in Parathyroid gland

• INCREASES plasma Ca+, intestinal uptake, and renal absorption
• stimulates osteoclasts for Ca+ release

Question 19

Medulla

Answer 19

In the adrenal gland

Derived from neural crest

CHROMAFFIN (phaeochromocytes)

• Secretes Catchecolamines, Epinephrine, and Noepinephrine

Fight or flight

Question 20

Endocrine Pancreas

Answer 20

Islets of Langerhan

1. Alpha cells- glucogen
2. Beta cells- insulin
3. Delta cells- somatostatin
4. F cells- pancreatic polypeptide

Question 21

Enteroendocrine Cells

Answer 21

1. Gastrin- pyloric region of stomach
2. Cholecystokinin- gall bladder contraction
3. Gherelin

Question 22

Kidneys

Answer 22

1. Renin- juxtalomerular cells (CONTROLS BP)
2. Erythropoietin- controls RBC production in bone marrow

Question 23

Secondary Organs

Answer 23

1. Ovaries/Testes
2. Kidneys
3. Liver
4. Heart
5. Stomach
6. Placenta
7. Adipose tissue

Question 24

Functions of the endocrine system

Answer 24

1. Internal environment
2. Produce, store, and utilize energy
3. Repro
4. Growth and development

Question 25

Pineal gland

Answer 25

- pinealocytes secrete MELATONIN - seasonal repro - Ass. with blood vessels Has Corpora Arenacea (Brain Sand) which is calcified protein

Question 26

Thyroid Gland

Answer 26

TSH 1. Follicular cells 2. Parafollicular cells (C cells)

Question 27

Follicular cells

Answer 27

Colloid= Thyroglobin + IODINE Converts Colloid to Thyroxine - Increases metabolism, thermogenesis, and gluconeogenesis

Question 28

Parafollicular cells

Answer 28

- Large, pale, round - Secretes Calcitonin in response to HIGH Ca+ conc. - decreases Ca+ conc, osteoclast activity - INCREASES renal absorption

Question 29

PRL

Answer 29

STIMULATING HORMONE - mammary gland, corpus luteum in carnivores

Question 30

GH

Answer 30

STIMULATING HORMONE - Liver, muscle, bones

Question 31

Heart

Answer 31

secretes Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANP) ANP promotes NA+ and H2O loss and DECREASED BP Target of ANP is distal convoluted tubules of kidney

Question 32

Type of capillary found in adenophysis?

Answer 32

Discontinuous