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MAE Blocks > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Releasing Hormones

A
  1. GnRH
  2. GHRH
  3. PRF
  4. TRH
  5. CRH
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2
Q

IHC Stain

A

antibodies attach to LH, LH will appear brown

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3
Q

What is an example of a positive feedback loop?

A

Oxytocin

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4
Q

Primary endocrine organs

A
  1. Thyroid gland
  2. Parathyroid gland
  3. Adrenal glands
  4. Pineal glands
  5. Pituitary gland
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5
Q

What makes up the adenohypophysis?

A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

  1. Pars Distalis
  2. Pars Intermedia
  3. Pars Tuberalis
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6
Q

What makes up the neurohypophysis?

A

POSTERIOR PITUITARY

  1. Pars Nervosa
  2. Pars Infundibulum
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7
Q

What is the function of herring bodies and where are they located?

A

Stores ADH and Oxytocin, stains eosinophilic

Found in Pars Nervosa or posterior pituitary

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8
Q

Proopiomelanocortin

A

Found in Pars Intermedia of anterior pituitary

  1. Endotropins
  2. Melanotrophins
  3. Lipotrophins
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9
Q

Examples of Acidophilic chromophils vs basophilic

A

Acidophilic- GH, PRL
Basophilic- ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH

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10
Q

What is Rathke’s pouch and where is it located?

A

Hypophyseal cavity containing cerebral fluid

Found in anterior pituitary

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11
Q

Where is the anterior pituitary derived from?

A

Epithelial/ Ectoderm, Roof of pharynx

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12
Q

Where is the posterior pituitary derived from?

A

Neuroectoderm (diencephalon)

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13
Q

What makes up the adrenal cortex?

A
  1. Zona glomerulosa
  2. Zona Fasciculata
  3. Zona Reticularis
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14
Q

Zona glomerulosa

A

mineralocorticoid (SALT)

stains basophilic

ALDOSTERONE which increases BP

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15
Q

Zona fasciculata

A

Glucocorticoid (SUGAR)

CORTISOL to liver, muscles, adipose, immune cells

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16
Q

Zona Reticularis

A

SEX STERIOIDS, Weak androgens

stains more eosinophilic

17
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A
  • Chief cells secrete PARATHORMONE (PTH) in response to decreased plasma Ca+ (Hypocalcemia)
18
Q

What does PTH do?

A

Located in Parathyroid gland

  • INCREASES plasma Ca+, intestinal uptake, and renal absorption
  • stimulates osteoclasts for Ca+ release
19
Q

Medulla

A

In the adrenal gland

Derived from neural crest

CHROMAFFIN (phaeochromocytes)

  • Secretes Catchecolamines, Epinephrine, and Noepinephrine

Fight or flight

20
Q

Endocrine Pancreas

A

Islets of Langerhan

  1. Alpha cells- glucogen
  2. Beta cells- insulin
  3. Delta cells- somatostatin
  4. F cells- pancreatic polypeptide
21
Q

Enteroendocrine Cells

A
  1. Gastrin- pyloric region of stomach
  2. Cholecystokinin- gall bladder contraction
  3. Gherelin
22
Q

Kidneys

A
  1. Renin- juxtalomerular cells (CONTROLS BP)
  2. Erythropoietin- controls RBC production in bone marrow
23
Q

Secondary Organs

A
  1. Ovaries/Testes
  2. Kidneys
  3. Liver
  4. Heart
  5. Stomach
  6. Placenta
  7. Adipose tissue
24
Q

Functions of the endocrine system

A
  1. Internal environment
  2. Produce, store, and utilize energy
  3. Repro
  4. Growth and development
25
Q

Pineal gland

A
  • pinealocytes secrete MELATONIN
  • seasonal repro
  • Ass. with blood vessels

Has Corpora Arenacea (Brain Sand) which is calcified protein

26
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

TSH

  1. Follicular cells
  2. Parafollicular cells (C cells)
27
Q

Follicular cells

A

Colloid= Thyroglobin + IODINE

Converts Colloid to Thyroxine

  • Increases metabolism, thermogenesis, and gluconeogenesis
28
Q

Parafollicular cells

A
  • Large, pale, round
  • Secretes Calcitonin in response to HIGH Ca+ conc.
  • decreases Ca+ conc, osteoclast activity
  • INCREASES renal absorption
29
Q

PRL

A

STIMULATING HORMONE

  • mammary gland, corpus luteum in carnivores
30
Q

GH

A

STIMULATING HORMONE

  • Liver, muscle, bones
31
Q

Heart

A

secretes Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANP)

ANP promotes NA+ and H2O loss and DECREASED BP

Target of ANP is distal convoluted tubules of kidney

32
Q

Type of capillary found in adenophysis?

A

Discontinuous

MAE Blocks (4 decks)

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