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Body logistics > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

Where are mucous membrane found

W/ examples

A

Found in the lining of body cavities exposed to the EXTERNAL environment

(E.g. Gut, Respiratory tract)

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2
Q

Where are serous membranes found

W/ examples

A

They line internal cavities

E.g. Peritoneum, Pericardial Sac, Pluera

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3
Q

What are the layers of mucous membranes

A
  • Epithelial lining
  • Connective tissue
  • Smooth muscle
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4
Q

What are the layers of serous membranes

A
  • Epithelial lining

- Connective tissue

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5
Q

What do mucous membranes secrete

A

Music which interacts with extra cellular H2O to form mucous

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6
Q

What do serous membranes secrete

Describe properties and function

A

Serous fluid

  • It’s thin and watery and provides lubrication
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7
Q

Where does epithelium embryonically originate from

A

From all 3 germ layers (of trilaminar disc)

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8
Q

Name the 4 sub classifications of ‘Simple Epithelium’

A
  • Simple Squamous
  • Simple Cuboidal
  • Simple Columnar
  • Pseudostratified
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9
Q

State an example of where ‘Simple Squamous’ epithelia can be found

And

Relate it to its function

A

Bowman’s Capsule

Allows fast exchange of materials
Acts as a barrier to fluids

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10
Q

State an example of where ‘Simple Cuboidal’ epithelial can be found

And

Relate it to its function

A

Pancreatic Glands

  • Secretion of substances
  • Absorption of substances
  • Barrier
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11
Q

Give an example of where ‘Simple Columnar’ epithelia can be found

And

Relate it to its fuction

A

In the GI lining (Crypts of Liberkühn)

  • Absorption of material
  • Secretion
  • Lubrication
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12
Q

Where can ‘Pesudostratified’ Epithelia be found

And relate it to its function

A

The upper respiratory tract

  • Mucous Secretion
  • Particle trapping and removal
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13
Q

What is the function of microvilli

A

Increase surface area

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14
Q

Where can ‘Cilia’ be found and its relation to the ‘mucocillary escalator’

A

Found on the apical surface of pesudostratified cells in the upper respiratory tract

Mucous traps pathogens and the cilia beat to to move the mucous to be removed

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15
Q

Name the 5 sub-classifications of the ‘Compound/Stratified Epithelia’

A
  • Simple Keratinised
  • Simple Non-Keratinised
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar
  • Transitional
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16
Q

Where can Stratified Keratinised epithelial be found

And how does it relate to its function

A

Epidermis of skin

  • Protection against abrasions
  • Protection against water loss
  • Shields against UV damage
17
Q

How do stratified squamous epithelium turn into keratinocytes

A

They loose their nucleus and become ‘cornified’

18
Q

Where can Simple Non-Keratinised epithelia be found

And

How does it relate to its function

A

The vagina

  • Protection against abrasion
  • Reduces water loss
19
Q

Although it is rare, where can Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium be found

A

Sweat glands

  • Secretion of materials
20
Q

Although it is rare, where can Stratified Columnar Epithelia be found

A

In the male urthera

21
Q

Where is the only place Transitional Epithelium be found

And

How does it relate to its function

A

Urinary passages (I.e Ureter, bladder)

  • Able to distend
  • Protection of underlying tissues from toxic chemicals
22
Q

Explain how Cystic Fibrosis can cause thick secretions

A
  • Goblet Cells secrete mucin to the surface of the cell
  • Water is released onto the surface of cells and increased by release of ions
  • CF decreases CHLORIDE IONS
  • ⬇️ Cl ions -> ⬇️ H2O -> Thick mucous secretions
23
Q

What genetic mutation causes the cystic fibrosis and thus over secretion of mucous

A

The CFTR Gene

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Receptor

24
Q

Where are club cells found

A

At the terminal bronchioles of the airways

25
Q

What are the 3 main functions of club cells

A

1 - Detoxification of harmful substances
2 - Protection of epithelium
3 - Acts as stem cells

26
Q

How do Club Cells protect the bronchiolar epithelium

A

By secreting uteroglobin

27
Q

How do Club Cells detoxify harmful substances

A

By having Cytochrome P450 in their endoplasmic reticulum

28
Q

Where are Microfold Cells ONLY found

A

In the small intestine

29
Q

What are the 3 functions of Microfold cells

A
  • Trap pathogens
  • Present the pathogens to underlying dendritic cells
  • Trigger am immune response by presenting to underlying lymphocytes and macrophages
30
Q

What is the link between Microfold cells and infection

A

Can be used as a point of weakness in the intestinal wall for pathogens to enter

Body logistics (5 decks)

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