Bones and Cartilage Flashcards
Name the 3 types of cartilage
- Hayline
- Fibrous
- Elastic
What cell do all cartilage types have
- Chondrocytes
- Proteoglycan
- Hyaluronic Acid
What is Haline Cartilage composed of
Type 2 collagen
Chondrocytes
Hyaluronic Acid
What is the function of hyaluronic acid
Assists resilience to repeated application of pressure
What do chondrocytes lie in
Lacunae
Where is hyaline cartilage founds
- Articular surfaces of bone
- Trachea
Describe apposition all growth
Growth from the periphery (outside ➡️ in)
Describe the blood supply to hyaline cartilage and explain its implications
It’s avascular
All substance exchange happens in the matrix
Where is elastic cartilage found
- Pinna of the ear 👂
- Eustachian Tube
- Epiglottis
What cells are found in hyaline cartilage
Chondrocytes ONLY
What cells are found in elastic cartilage
Chondrocytes ONLY
What cells are found in fibrous cartilage
Chondrocytes AND fibroblasts
What fibres does elastic cartilage have and how does this impact function
Contains elastic fibres
Thus gives elasticity
What is fibrocartilage made of
Hyaline cartilage
+
Dense regular Connective tissue
Where is fibrocartilage found
- Intervertebral discs
- Meniscus of knee
- Pubic Synthesis
What is the function of fibrocartilage
To act as a shock absorber and to resist shearing forces
Describe the role of hyaline cartilage in bone development
Hyaline cartilage used as a template
Describe endochondral ossification INCOMPLETE COMPLETE
- Hyaline cartilage used as a template
- compact bone appears at the edges
- Primary ossification centre formed
- Medulla becomes cancellous bone
- Cartilage forms epiphyseal plates
- Secondary centres of ossification form
What is the relationship between the epiphyseal plate and growth
After the cessation of growth the plate dissapears
Name the 4 types of cells in bone
Oesteoprogenitor
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes
What are osteoprogenitor cells
AND
where are they found
Stems cells
Found in the inner lining of the periosteum and endosteum
Describe osteoblasts
AND
What do they secrete
Bone forming cells
Secrete type 1 collagen and bone matrix proteins
Describe osteocytes
AND
Where are they found
Mature bone cells that have mineralised and enclosed in bone matrix
Trapped within the osteon
Describe osteoclasts
AND
Where are they found
What are they derived from
Bone resorption cells
AND
In the endosteum
Originated from macrophage/monocyte progenitor cells
What are the 4 stages of bone repair
1 - Haematoma formation
2 - Soft callus formation
3 - Hard callus formation
4 - Bone remodelling
Describe osteoarthritis
Degeneration of the hyaline cartilage
Narrowing of the joint space
Causes bone to rub onto bone
Describe Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Autoimmune disease triggering inflammation at the joint
- Causes damage to bone AND cartilage
- Thickens the joint capsule
Explain the role of bone and electrolyte homeostasis
Acts as a store of Ca2+ and phosphate
