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histo final exam extravaganza! > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

a group of cells that function together to carry out specialized activities

A

a tissue

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2
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities, duct , and form glands

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3
Q

Connective tissue

A

Protects, supports, and bind organs, stores energy as fat, provides immunity (Cartilage, bone, blood)

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4
Q

Selective transport in epithelium

A

diffusion, absorption, secretion

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5
Q

Characteristics of epithelial tissue

A
  1. Surface specialization
  2. Arrangement of cells
  3. Cell junctions
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6
Q

Basement membrane allows for interaction between _____ and ____

A

epithelium and connective tissue

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7
Q

T/F? Epithelium contains blood vessels

A

False

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8
Q

Types of morphological apical surface specialization?

A

Microvilli, cilium, stereocilium

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9
Q

Microvilli are most developed in which tissues?

A

Absorptive: intestinal epithelium, kidney tubules

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10
Q

Characteristics of microvilli

A 
Finger like (1-2 um) extensions of plasma membrane
Increase surface area
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11
Q

Cell type where cilia are found?

A

Columnar cells in respiratory tract and oviduct

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12
Q

Characteristics of cilia?

A

Motile surface projections (7-10 um/ able to distinguish with light microscope) involved in one way transport of materials

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13
Q

Cytoskeleton of cilium

A

2 central microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets, provides scaffold for proteins (molecular motor)

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14
Q

Symptoms of Ciliary dyskinesia

A 
A slow clearance of mucus
Chronic respiratory tract infection
Rhinitis
Otitis media
Infertility
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15
Q

Stereocilum

A

enormous microvilli (10-50 um)

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16
Q

Location of stereocilia

A

auditory sensory cells in organ or Corti
Vestibular sensory cells in vestibular organ
head of epididymis

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17
Q

Changes to respiratory epithelium due to smoking

A

Callusing: epithelium adapting to stress/friction

Impacts ciliated cells first and mucus accumulates. Cell loss causes increased division and carcinoma

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18
Q

Function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Protection

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19
Q

The shape of which cell layer is used to name stratified epithelium?

A

apical surface

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20
Q

epidermal peg

A

epidermis thrust into connective tissue

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21
Q

dermal papilla

A

connective tissue thrust into epidermis

22
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Provides distensibility
Prevents urine from diffusing back into the body
ONLY in urinary system

23
Q

Lateral cell junctions

A

specialized structures which link each cell pair together into functional unit

24
Q

Types of cell junctions

A
  1. Tight junction (lateral surface)
  2. Anchoring junction (lateral and basal surface)
  3. Communicating junction (not physical, only signals)
25
Q

Tight junctions

A

unique to epithelial cells, web-like strands of transmembrane proteins fuse cells together. Run all the way around cell
Forms a barrier preventing diffusion of water-soluble molecules between adjacent cells and lumen
Maintains cell polarity

26
Q

types of anchoring junctions

A
  1. Zonula adherens
  2. Desmosome
    3 Hemidesmosome (basal)
27
Q

Anchoring junctions

A

resist separation by connecting cytoskeletons of cells/ ECM

28
Q

Zona adherens

A

Lateral surface

a. below the tight junction, surrounds cells like a belt
b. Cadherin is transmembrane glycoprotein, Plaque, Actin filiaments

29
Q

Desmosome

A

Lateral surface

a. binding spots between cells,
b. cadherin is transmembrane glycoprotein, plaque, intermediate filaments

30
Q

Hemidesmosome

A

Basal surface
Resemble half desmosome
Anchor epithelial cells to underlying basement membrane (ECM)
Integrin is transmembrane glycoprotein, plaque, intermediate filaments

31
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

made of secretory cells derived from surface epithelium
secrete product onto external or internal epithelial surfaces
Generally have ducts
Localized effects

32
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Hormones in blood stream travel to target organ
No ducts
Far reaching effects

33
Q

example of unicellular gland

A

goblet cells (exocrine but no ducts)

34
Q

Are glands mostly unicellular or multicellular?

A

Multicellular

35
Q

Simple vs compound duct

A

compound has branches

simple branched have more than one secretory unit but only one duct

36
Q

Simple tubular

A

Intestinal gland

37
Q

Simple branched tubular

A

gastric gland

38
Q

simple coiled tubular

A

sweat gland

39
Q

simple branched acinar

A

sebaceous gland

40
Q

compound tubular

A

seminiferous tubules in testes

41
Q

compound acinar

A

mammary glands

42
Q

compound tubuloacinar

A

salivary glands, pancreas

43
Q

Serous glands

A

secrete watery product with proteins/ enzymes

Exocrine pancreas, Parotid salivary, sweat gland (foot pad), lacrimal gland

44
Q

How does cytoplasm stain in Serous vs mucous glands?

A

Serous glands have darkly staining cytoplasm because their vesicles are rich in protein and rough ER. Mucous glands stain lightly.

45
Q

Mucous glands

A

secrete viscous substance rich in mucin (glycoproteins)
Lubricant to protect/ trap foreign bodies
Found in goblet cells and sublingual salivary gland

46
Q

Secretion of most salivary glands (not sublingual)

A

seromucous

47
Q

Merocrine/ eccrine glands

A

exocytosis

Pancreas, seat glands (foot pad)

48
Q

Apocrine glands

A

pinch off apical cell cytoplasm with cell product

Sweat glands in haired skin

49
Q

holocrine glands

A

whole cells

sebaceous glands

50
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A

share basal lamina of acinar cells
shares contractility of smooth muscles
Bound by oxytocin

histo final exam extravaganza! (9 decks)

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