Epithelium

Question 1

Pemphigus vulgaris defect = ?

Answer 1

IgG auto-abs to DG1 & DG3 (desmosome loss = flaccid blisters due to rupture inside epidermis w/ BM layer still in tact)Skin, vagina and oral, +Nikolsky sign

Question 2

What are the 3 locations of stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 2

1. Epidermis
2. Oral cavity
3. Esophagus

Question 3

Initiating event or agent of a pathogenic series

Answer 3

Etiology

Question 4

What is pathogensis?

Answer 4

Biomolecular events that happens after cell injury, leading to structural changes in cell; several steps that leads from normal to abnormal.

Question 5

Functions of epithelial cells

Answer 5

Protection, transportation, glandular secretion, sensation

Question 6

What epithelium is found in respiratory spaces, bowman’s capsule, endothelium, mesothelium, and is selectively permeable barrier

Answer 6

simple squamous epithelium; needed for diffusion

Question 7

What epithelium protects, absorbs, secretes and is found in small ducts of exocrine glands, kidney tubules, thyroid follicles?

Answer 7

Simple cuboidal

Question 8

Which epithelium abosrbs and secretes and is found in stomach, small intestine, colon, and gallbladder?

Answer 8

simple columnar epithelium

Question 9

Which epithelium absorbs, secretes, transport and is found in bronchial tree, vas deferens, and epididymis?

Answer 9

Pseudostratified epithelium

Question 10

What protects and is found in epidermis of skin, oral cavity, and esophagus and is keratinized?

Answer 10

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 11

What protects, conduits and is found in large exocrine glands and anorectal junction?

Answer 11

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 12

What protects and conduits and is found in largest excorine (salivary duct) ducts, anorectal junction?

Answer 12

Stratified columnar epithelium

Question 13

What is distensible (expands) protects and is found in lower urinary tract?

Answer 13

Transitional epithelium (urothelium), dome shaped, specialized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 14

Are glands multicellular or unicellular?

Answer 14

can be both

Question 15

How do exocrine glands secrete? Are they passive tubes?

Answer 15

They secrete into the apical surface, and ducts are not passive tubes as made up of epithelium that can change secretions

Question 16

How do endocrine secrete hormones?

Answer 16

They directly release in the blood

Question 17

What is merocine?

Answer 17

excocytosis of substance through apical surface

Question 18

What is apocrine?

Answer 18

Budding transport, cargo still surrounded by PM

Question 19

What is holocrine?

Answer 19

Programmed cell death of secretary cells, gland products and debris

Question 20

What do endocrines do?

Answer 20

Secrete through basal membrane, directly to blood

Question 21

What is serous secretions?

Answer 21

Thin and watery (enzymes and proteins)

Question 22

What is mucous secretions?

Answer 22

Viscous and slimy (glycoproteins) , and cytoplasm is empty

Question 23

Example of a unicellular exocrine gland?

Answer 23

Goblet cell, produce mucin (component of mucus) in GI and respiratory tracts

Question 24

Where is simple coiled tubular gland found in?

Answer 24

Eccrine sweat gland, deep in dermis

Question 25

Where is simple tubular gland found in?

Answer 25

Large intestine, intestinal gland of colon, formed by goblet cells

Question 26

Where is compound acinar found in?

Answer 26

Pancreas: excretory portions, pyrimid shaped, serous secreting cells

Question 27

What do microvilli do?

Answer 27

They are fingerlike projection of plasma membrane and cytoplasm and increase absorptive surface area of epithelial cells

Question 28

What kinds of microvilli are found in tubules? what is intestine?

Answer 28

Brush border: tubules, and striated border: intestine

Question 29

What is stereocilia?

Answer 29

Long, immotile microvilli, inner ear, vas deferens and epididymus; mechanoreceptors

Question 30

What does nodal cilia do?

Answer 30

Specialized motile cilia in embryo that is responisble for L/R asymmetry

Question 31

How does motile cilia work?

Answer 31

Dynein arms initate sliding movement

Question 32

What is primary ciliary dyskinesia called? mode of inheritance?

Answer 32

Kartagener syndrome and it is autosomal recessive

Question 33

defect in ciliary motility becasue of loss of dynein arms; poor mucous clearing: chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, penumonia, ottis media, hearing loss, smell loss, bronchiectus?

Answer 33

Primary ciliary dyskinesia or kartagener syndrome

Question 34

Primary ciliary dyskinesia patients are infertile beacuse and what due to impaired nodal cilia?

Answer 34

Immotile sperm and females eggs cannot be propelled in fallopean tube and situs invertus (L/R asymmtery cannot be patterned)

Question 35

What protein codes for Primary cilia (immotile cilia)?

Answer 35

Polysystin 1, 2

Question 36

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic kidney disease due to mut in polycystin proteins?

Answer 36

Defective primary celila, Mutiple cyst in kidney, very huge kidney as a result; aka ADPKD

Question 37

What does apical domain have?

Answer 37

Surface enzymes, ion channels, carrier proteins

Question 38

How do non-motile cilia respond to in kidney?

Answer 38

Fluid flow as a mechanoreceptor, letting calcium in--gene mut leads to cyst formation

Question 39

How many types of epithlial junctions

Answer 39

Zona Occludens (tight junctions, lateral), Zona Adherens (intermediate junctions, lateral), Macula adherens (Desmosomes, lateral), Gap junctions (connexons, lateral) and Focal adhesions (integrins, basal)

Question 40

What do epithlial cell junctions do?

Answer 40

Mediate cellular adhesions (cell-cell, cell-ECM) and mediate cellular communications

Question 41

E-cadherin, Epithlial cells, Ca dependent, interacts with catenins in cyto--link with actin filaments, altered in tumor metastasis, cell-cell interaction

Answer 41

cadherins

Question 42

heterodimer-a and beta chain, ca independent, cell-cell, cell-ecm, anchoring junctions, adhesion of white blood cells to endothelial cell surface

Answer 42

Integrins

Question 43

Barrier between apical and basal membrane?

Answer 43

lateral domain

Question 44

most apical junctions, prevents paracellular transport, made of occludin and claudin

Answer 44

Zona occludens-tight junction

Question 45

anchor cells to eachother and made of up actin, e-cadherin-cantenin complexes

Answer 45

Zonula adherens, intermediate junctions

Question 46

What does cadherins, desmoglein, desmocollin bind to?

Answer 46

Desmoplakin, plakoglobin (Macula adherens) (dense plaques) which keratin also binds to

Question 47

Rapid intercellular communications, made up of connexin, which form connexons?

Answer 47

Gap junctions

Question 48

Two regions of basement membrane?

Answer 48

Basal lamina (penetration of this--> metastasis) and reticular lamina (type 3 collagen)

Question 49

Stain Basement membrane with?

Answer 49

PAS+, Silver-reactive (proteoglycans are present)

Question 50

Composed of integrins and link cytoplasmic actin to ECM

Answer 50

Focal adhesions

Question 51

Anchor basal membrane to basal lamina, made up of BP320, erbin, plectin?

Answer 51

Hemidesmosomes

Question 52

What does BP230 attach to

Answer 52

Laminin 5 and Type IV collagen

Question 53

What anibody agaonst Bullous pemphigoid (fluid filled and intact epidermis)?

Answer 53

IgG to BP230 (hemidesmosomes ) or type VII collagen-- tense blisters that do not rupture easily and no Nikolsky sign

Question 54

Inherited defect in Collagen VII(no more anchorage to basement memebrane) ?

Answer 54

Dystophic epidermolysis bullosa (pts called butterfly children)

Question 55

How can pemphigues vulgaris (icantholysis) be detected?

Answer 55

net like IF

Question 56

How cam bullous pemhigoid be detected?

Answer 56

Linear IF on basement membrane, linear IF