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RUSVM- Microanatomy (mine) > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue

A

an aggregation of cells and extracellular substances

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2
Q

Epithelium

A

a tissue composed of closely aggregated cells with very little extracellular substance

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3
Q

Four basic types of tissues

A

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscular tissue
nervous tissue

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4
Q

surface or lining epithelia

A

epithelial cells form sheets that:
cover body surfaces
line luminal organs, tubular structures, and body cavities

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5
Q

glandular epithelia

A

secretory epithelia, their functions are synthesize, store and release its product

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6
Q

special epithelia

A

receptors for taste and hearing

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7
Q

Function: Protection

A

epithelium covering protects underlying tissue from mechanical abrasion/injury, harmful chemicals, invading microbes and from excessive loss of water

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8
Q

Function: Secretion

A

specialized to secrete specific chemical substances such as enzymes, hormones and lubricating fluids

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9
Q

Function: Absorption

A

lining of intestine absorb nutrients from digestion

epithelial cells of kidney tubules

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10
Q

Function: Diffusion

A

simple squamous epithelium promotes the diffusion of gases, liquids and nutrients

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11
Q

Function: Friction Reduction

A

smooth, tightly interlocking endothelial cells that line circulatory system reduce friction between blood and walls of blood vessels

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12
Q

Function: Cleaning

A

ciliated respiratory epithelium assists in removing dust particles from air passages

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13
Q

Function: Sensation

A

contain sensory nerve endings is found in the skin, ears and on the tongue
modified neurons in nose and eyes

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14
Q

ectoderm

A

epidermis of skin and its derivatives

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15
Q

mesoderm

A

comprised of mesothelium and endothelium

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16
Q

mesothelium

A

epithelium lining
THREE serous body cavities:
peritoneal, pleural, pericardial

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17
Q

endothelium

A

epithelium lining blood and lymphatic vessels and heart chambers

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18
Q

Endoderm

A

epithelial lining and glands most of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory systems; liver; pancreas; urinary bladder

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19
Q

Epithelium Characteristics

A 
covers surfaces and lines lumens
may have specialization like glands
high cellular density
very little intercellular substance
basement membrane present
lining epithelium is avascular
few nerve endings
polarized, cohesive and closely associated to supporting CT
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20
Q

Mesenchymal Cell

A

lots of intercellular matrix
few cells
(connective tissue)

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21
Q

Hepatocyte

A

specialized epithelial cell
high cellular density
little intercellular matrix

22
Q

Layout of Epithelial Cells

A

Apical (free) surface
lateral surface
basal surface next to basement membrane/lamina
nucleous close to basal lamina

23
Q

Basal Lamina

A

when visible in light microscopy called basement membrane
interface of epithelial and connective tissue
selective barrier
provides structural support
formed by epithelial cells

24
Q

Basement Membrane

A

basal lamina when this layer is visible with light microscopy
stains with PAS (periodic acid- Schiff) for carbs
semipermeable barrier

25
Q

Tight Junctions

A

prevent leakage of fluid across a layer of epithelial cells
form continuous hermetic seals around the cell
bound by specific proteins

26
Q

Desmosomes

A

anchoring junctions
function like rivets, fastening cells together into strong sheets
intermediate filaments made of sturdy keratin proteins anchoring in cytoplasm
adhere epithelial cells of the skin
velcro

27
Q

Gap Junctions

A

communicating junctions
cytoplasmic channels or tunnels form one cell to another
membrane proteins that surround a pore
necessary for communcation

28
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

flat, elongated cells with a round to oval nuclei, centrally located
located in:
lining of all moist internal surfaces (called mesothelium)
alveolar walls
luminal surface of blood vessels
capsule of renal glomeruli

29
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A 
all sides are approximately the same, cell limits are well defined
examples:
lining ducts of many glands
choroid plexus in brain
lining follicles of thyroid glands
lens of eye
30
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

tall narrow cells with ovoid nucleus located near base
examples:
lining luminal surface of stomach, small and large intestine, gall bladder
lining the uterus and uterine tube

31
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium

A

composed of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells
all cells contact the underlying basement membrane, not all reach the surface
examples:
nasal cavity, upper respiratory tract
male reproductive

32
Q

Kartagener’s Syndrome

A

immotile cilia syndrome
dynein arms are missing cilia and sperm tails
chronic respiratory infection
male sterility

33
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

several layers of cells

superficial cells have squamous shape

34
Q

non keratinized

A

ex. cornea, esophagus, oral cavity, vagine

35
Q

keratinized

A

provides extra protection
no nuclei, water resistant
ex. epidermis, proventricles, oral cavity, vagina in estrus

36
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

aka urothelium
lines urinary passages
superficial cuboidal cells bulge into lumen
superficial cells become flattened or squamous when organ is distended
superficial cells have specialized plasma membrane providing osmotic barrier between urine and tissue fluids

37
Q

Unicellular glands

A

epithelial linings and glands of intestine and respiratory tract
ex. goblet cells
mucinogen droplets are seen in apical part

38
Q

Multicellular Glands

A

exocrine- have a duct and adenomere

endocrine- ductless- straight into blood stream

39
Q

Adenomere

A

cells of the exocrine secretory end piece

manufacture the product, then specialized cells express it into duct system

40
Q

simple ducts

A

one opening

41
Q

compound ducts

A

many branches of duct system

42
Q

Tubular Adenomere

A

straight of coiled

ex. sweat gland, stomach glands, colon glands

43
Q

Acinar Adenomere

A

pie shaped, small lumen

ex. pancreas, salivary glands

44
Q

Alveolar Adenomere

A

large lumen, smaller cells

ex. mammary gland, prostate, sebaceous glands

45
Q

serous

A

watery product, contains enzymes
ex. sweat
round nuclei, cytoplasm is basophilic in basal portion and acidophilic in apical portion because of zymogen granules

46
Q

mucus glands

A

cells with flat heterochromatic nuclei at the base of each cell
cytoplasm is vacuolated (frothy) and pale
mucinogen granules are not detectable without special stianing

47
Q

Mixed gland

A

mucous and serous cells sharing a common duct system

mucous acinar units with crescent serous cells

48
Q

Sebaceous gland

A

centrally located nuclei
cytoplasm is pale and foamy
lipid is washed out during preperation

49
Q

merocrine

A

smooth lumen, no cytoplasm lost producing secretion

50
Q

Apocrine

A

apex bulges, some cytoplasm is lost producing secretion
droplets of apical portion become part of secretion
ex. sweat gland of domestic animals, prostate gland, mammary gland

51
Q

Holocrine

A

entire cell is the product

52
Q

endocrine

A

secreted product is directed toward the vasculature

RUSVM- Microanatomy (mine) (4 decks)

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