Connective Tissue

Question 1

Function of Connective Tissue

Answer 1

connect
suspend, give form, subdivide
insulation and storage
defend
provide nutrition
repair and regeneration

Question 2

Resident cells

Answer 2

stay in connective tissue
formed by embryonic mesenchyme cells
ex. fibroblasts, reticular cells, adipocytes, mesenchymal cells, macrophages, mast cells

Question 3

Transient Cells

Answer 3

come and go
formed by hematopoietic stem cells
ex. plasma cells, leukocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes

Question 4

fibroblasts

Answer 4

form collagenous, elastic and reticular fibers of the matrix

Question 5

Macropages

Answer 5

come from blood monocytes once in CT called macrophages
resident phagocytic cell of CT
proliferate quickly

Question 6

ground substance

Answer 6

amorphous, formed by principal cells of tissue, contains GAGs, Proteoglycans, glycoproteins

Question 7

tissue fluid

Answer 7

a solution that bathes and surrounds the cells and fibers, comes from plasma of blood

Question 8

Collagen fiber

Answer 8

white, very tensile and strong, do not stretch
most numerous fibers in CT and bone
extracellular scleroprotein fibers composed of fibrils usually arranged in bundles of indefinite length

Question 9

Types of Collagen Type 1

Answer 9

found in bone, dentin, dermis, tendons; resists tensile forces

Question 10

Types of Collagen Type 2

Answer 10

forms fibrils found in cartilage, resists compression

Question 11

Types of Collagen Type 3

Answer 11

reticular fibers found in stroma of expandable organs- spleen, lymph node, liver CV system, lymphatics

Question 12

Types of Collagen Type 4

Answer 12

basement membranes (basal laminae

Question 13

Collagen Synthesis

Answer 13

synthesized by- fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, odontoblasts
procollagen is formed in fibroblast, cleaved to tropocolagen outside the cell and then assembled into collagen
vitamin c is an important cofactos

Question 14

Elastic Fibers

Answer 14

individual branching and anastomosing
pink in HE
yellow, weak and elastic, stretch and recoil
tiny in loose CT and longer in big ligaments

Question 15

Reticular Fibers

Answer 15

form fine network reticulum that can be stained silver
type 3 is synthesized by reticular cells
support system of organs with a lot of cells like liver

Question 16

reticulocytes

Answer 16

reticular cell that produced reticular fibers

Question 17

Ground substance properties

Answer 17

allow for binding of water, resisting compressive forces, cell adhesion to fibers, cell migration, barrier to bacterial/venom penetration

Question 18

Proteoglycans

Answer 18

formed by covalently linking GAGs to protein core
may regulate passage of molecules and cells in he intercellular space and in chemical signaling between cells
stain with basic dyes if high concentration

Question 19

structural glycoproteins

Answer 19

proteins with attached carbs
help attach cells to each other and to extracellular matrix
ex. fibronectin, laminin, osteonectin, chondronectin

Question 20

Connective Tissue Fluid

Answer 20

solution of nutrients, dissolved gases derived from plasma
bathes matrix and cells with nutrients, aids in removing waste
fluid dynamics maintain proper balance
lymphatics important in fluid movement and prevention f edema

Question 21

Embryonic Connective Tissue

Answer 21

mesenchyme comes from mesoderm and gives rise to adult CT

gel like due to ground substance, few fibers and star shaped mesenchymal cells

Question 22

Loose Connective Tissue

Answer 22

areolar CT
ubiquitous tissue
loosely arranged
cellular constituents vary with loaction

Question 23

Dense Connective Tissue

Answer 23

Irregular and regularly arranged
densely packed fibers
strong tissues
very strong
found in tendons, ligaments and cornea

Question 24

Reticular Connective Tissue

Answer 24

network of fine collagen fibrils
formed by reticulocytes, liver cells, smooth muscle cells or Schwann cell
found in most tissue, principal CT in lymphatic

Question 25

Adipose Connective Tissue

Answer 25

composed of adipocytes- cells with basement membrane
functions
energy storage
endocrine- produce leptin which has regulatory effect on body fat (proportional to body fat, signals brain its had enough to eat)

Question 26

White Adipose TIssue

Answer 26

unilocular fat cells- one lipid droplet

energy storage, insulation, hormone ‘leptin’ secretion

Question 27

Brown adipose tissue

Answer 27

need special stain
multiocular fat cells- several lipid droplets
many mitochondria
found in hibernating and newborn animals