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Histology > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

epithelial tissue
how do cells look like?
space between cells?
surfaces?

A

crowded cells
small spaces
upper surface- free
basal - rests on membrane

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2
Q

epithelial tissue

blood vessels and nerve cells

A

blood vessels cannot penetrate but nerves can

so, it is avascular (no blood cells)

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3
Q

how does epithelial tissue get its nutrition

it has..

A

by connective tissue

high power of regeneration/renewal

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4
Q

origin of epithelial tissue

A

all 3 layers
ectodermal
mesodermal
endodermal

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5
Q

epithelial tissue is classified into and function of each

A

surface epithelium - covers
glandular epithelium - for secretion
neuro epithelium - act as receptor
myo epithelium - contractile function

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6
Q

surface epithelium types

A

simple- 1 layer

stratified - 1+ layer

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7
Q

simple squamous
formed of + nuclei
functions

A

formed of 1 layer of flat cells with flat nuclei
function:
provide smooth surface for easy movement
thin membrane for gas exchange

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8
Q

sites of simple squamous

A
  1. endothelium (wall of blood vessels)
  2. lines of lungs (pneumocytes)
  3. lines serous membranes (3P- pleura, pericardium, peritoneum) - mesothelium
    4 lines bowman’s capsule of kidney
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9
Q

simple cubical epithelium
formation + nuclei
function
sites

A 
1 layer of cube like cells with central rounded nuclei
function: secretion and reabsorption
sites: small ducts like glands
thyroid follicles
colvoluted tubules of kidney
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10
Q

simple columnar epithelium
formation + nuclei
functions
sites

A 
formed of 1 layer of tall columnar cells with basal oval nuclei
functions:
secretion and absorption
sites:
stomach
intestine
pancreatic duct, bile duct, gall bladder
goblet cells
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11
Q

simple columnar ciliated epithelium
formation + nuclei
functions
sites

A

1 layer of tall columnar cells with basal oval nuclei with cilia
functions:
transport fluids or particles in 1 direction
sites:
1. lower part of respiratory tract (lungs)
2. female genital system

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12
Q

psedostratified columnar epithelium

types

A

1 layer but looks like 2 and nuclei on different levels
1. pseudostratified columnar non ciliated
site: male genital system
2. pseudostratified columnar ciliated with motile cilia and goblet cells
site: upper respiratory tract (nose, bronchi, trachea)
3. pseudostratified columnar ciliated with non motile cilia (stereocilia)
not true cilia, long microvilli
site: epididymis

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13
Q

function of stratified epithelium

A

protection

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14
Q

stratified squamous epithelium vs transitional epithelium
# of layers
basement membrane

A

stratified squamous epithelium - 5-30 layers
clear and wavy membrane
transitional epithelium - 6-8 layers in empty bladder
3-4 in full bladder
non clear, non wavy

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15
Q

stratified squamous epithelium vs transitional epithelium - basal cell layer

A

stratified squamous epithelium - columnar cells w/ basal oval nuclei (others originate from this layer)
transitional epithelium - cube cells with central round nuclei

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16
Q

stratified squamous epithelium - intermediate layers

A

polyhedral cells with central rounded nuclei
cells are joined by desmosome
cells become smaller toward surface

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17
Q

transitional epithelium - intermediate layer

A

polyhyderal cells with central rounded nuclei

in full bladder- cells slide past eachother -> decrease epithelium thickness

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18
Q

superficial layer - stratified squamous vs transitional

transitional - connected by
covered by

A

stratified squamous - flat cells with flat nuclei
transitional - dome shaped with central round nuclei and connected by junctional complex
empty bladder- flat cells
covered by rigid plaques

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19
Q

stratified squamous sites

A

keratinized- dead, dry places

non keratinized - wet, living, opening on skin

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20
Q

transitional epithelium sites

A

lines of urinary tract (urothelium)

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21
Q

stratified squamous epithelium vs transitional epithelium - function

A

squamous - protection

transitional - destinsibility and protection against urine

22
Q

layers of stratified

A

top is variable
middle is always polyhydral
bottom is always columnar shaped

23
Q

stratified cubical epithelium

ex

A

rare of two layers in ducts of sweat glands

24
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

similar to squamous but superficial cells are columnar
types:
stratified columnar ciliated: in fetal oesophagus
stratified columnar non ciliated : in recto and junction, large ducts or glands, male urethra

25
Q

neuro epithelium
acts as
consists of
sites and functions

A

acts as receptor and stimuli for sensation
consists of sensory and supporting cells
sites & functions:
taste buds
organ of corti - ear for hearing
macula utriculi and sacuule - ear for balance
crista ampullaris - ear

26
Q

myo epithelium
site in between
how do they work

A

modified to contract
in between base of secretory cells and basement membrane
squeeze secretory cells to discharge into ducts

27
Q

apical specializations

A

come from above

  1. microvilli
  2. celia
  3. flagella
28
Q

microvilli
what type of filaments does it have
function

A

finger like
has actin filaments which helps its shape and length
function: increase surface area for absorption

29
Q

stereocilia
filaments?
function?

A 
non motile solid cilia
not true cilia, long microvilli
hair like 
has actin filaments
function: help absorption in male genital system
30
Q

cilia

formed of

A

hair like

formed of microtubules

31
Q

flagella

A

single long cilia that from tail of sperm for movement

32
Q

glandular epithelium

A

act as gland for secretion

33
Q

glandular epithelium are classified to

A

exocrine gland
endocrine gland
mixed gland

34
Q

glandular epithelium classification - exocrine

A

formed of 2 portions
secretory - forms secretion
excretory - carries secretion to outside gland

35
Q

glandular epithelium classification - endocrine

A

ductless

formed of secretory but no duct system, their secretion is carried to blood

36
Q

glandular epithelium classification - mixed

A

formed of exocrine part - ducts

endocrine part - no ducts

37
Q

classification of exocrine glands - according to # oc cells

A

unilocular - one cell , not popular

multilocular - 1+ cells

38
Q

classification of exocrine glands - according to type of secretion

A

watery secretion
serous secretion : watery but contain enzymes
mucus secretion
mucoserous secretion

39
Q

classification of exocrine glands - according to mode of secretion

A
  1. merocrine ; most common, secretion goes outside cell by exocytosis
  2. apocrine ; released out of apex of cell
  3. holocrine ; secretion accumulates then cell bursts and the cell is lost with secretion
40
Q

classification of exocrine glands - according to branching of duct

A

simple - single non branching duct and secretory part

compound - has branching duct like tree

41
Q

classification of exocrine glands - according to shape of secretory part

A

tubulor - tube
alveolar (acinar) - rounded
tubuloalveolar - flask shape

42
Q

lateral (side) specializations - cell junctions - tight or occluding junction

A

Zonula Occludens

2 cell membranes fuse at certain points to restrict passage of substances between adjacent cells

43
Q

lateral (side) specializations - cell junctions - adherens junction
function

A

zonula adherens
two cell membranes seperates by wide intercellular space
encircles cell like belt
function to provide adhesion between epithelial cells

44
Q

intercellular space and cytoplasm in zonula adherens
location
connecteted by

A

intercellular - transmembrane proteins on each side connected by Ca ions
cytoplasm - protein bind transmembrane protein to actin filaments (cytoskeleton)

45
Q

macula adherens

A

desmosomes
strongest type of junction that provide firm adhersion among cells
mostly in stratified squamous epithelium cells

46
Q

gap junction

A

nexus
two cells separated by narrow cap but connected by channels
each channel = 2 connexons = 6 subunits

47
Q

functions of gap junction

A

permit exchange of ions and impulses

48
Q

hemidesmosomes

A

basal
1/2 desmosome
function: fix epithelium to membrane and connective tissue

49
Q

basement membrane

stain and types

A

PAS- red
Ag- Silver
types:
basal lamina - epithelial component - has collagen type 4
reticular - ct component - collagen type 3

50
Q

function of basement membrane

A

supports epithelium and fix it to CT by collagen type 7

control passage of nutrients and ions

51
Q

basal infoldings

A

basal surface shows invaginations to increase surface area
has mitochondria
occurs in ion transporting cells

Histology (5 decks)

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