Connective Tissue Flashcards
origin of connective tissue
functions
mesoderm
- medium for exchange
- fat storage
- support
- defense and protection
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cell vs Pericyte
origin and site
UMC - no origin & in bone marrow as blood cells
peri- around blood capillaries
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cell vs Pericyte
shape?
nucleus?
cytoplasm?
UMC - small and branches, pale basophillic cytoplasm, large pale nucleus
Peri- branches w/ long processes , pale basophillic cytoplasm and large oval pale nucleus
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cell vs Pericyte
EM
UMC- many free ribosomes but few other organelles
Peri- many free ribosomes but few other organelles and have network of actin and myosin for vasocontriction
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cell functions
Can differentiate into:
- other types of CT cells
- blood cells
- smooth muscle cells
- endothelial cells
Pericyte functions
adult mesenchymal stem cell so in case of injury can differentiate into: 1. smooth muscle cells 2. endothelial cells 3. fibroblasts By contraction: vasoconstriction
origin and site of fibroblast
origin : UMC and pericyte
site: in all types of CT proper
Active Fibroblast vs Old Fibroblast (Fibrocyte)
shape?
cytoplasm?
nucleus?
active- branches with long thin proccesses deep basophillic cytoplasm large pale nucleus old- small with few processes pale basophillic cytoplasm small darker nucleus
Active Fibroblast vs Old Fibroblast (Fibrocyte)
EM (organelles) nucleus
active - well developed rER and golgi
many mitochondria and euchromatic nucleus
old - few organelles, heterochromatin nucleus
functions of active fibroblast
- synthesis of CT fibers
- synthesis of ground substance for matrix
- synthesis of growth factors
- healing and reapir
functions of old fibroblast (fibrocyte)
during injury, it becomes active to heal wounds
slow turnover of extra cellular components fo maintains CT
adipose cell origin and site
origin - UMC
site : unilocular - white adipose connective tissue
multilocular - brown adipose connective tissue
Unilocular vs multilocular adipose cell shape how is fat stored? nucleus? stain?
unilocular - large and oval
fat is stored as one large droplet
peripheral, flat, nucleus
stain : sudan 3 - orange
multilocular - smaller
fat is scattered
nucleus is eccentric and round
pigmented brown color b/c has mitochondria
unilocular fat cells contain
dissolved carotenoids
signet ring
in unilocular only
when stained with H&E, fat is removed and makes a ring appearance.
Unilocular vs multilocular adipose cell
EM
uni- alot of sER
few mitochondria
multi- less sER
many mitochondria rich in cytochrome oxidase
functions of unilocular fat cell
- synthesis & storage of fat
- support organs like kidney
- heat insulation
- secrete leptin hormone to inhibit food intake
functions of multilocular fat cell
thermogenesis which if break down of fat for heat by thermogenin protein in mitochondria
reticular cell vs macrophage
origin and site
reticular - UMC
in stroma of glands and organs
macrophage- monocyte
fixed in CT -> histocyte
free in liver -> kupffer cell
reticular cell shape cytoplasm nucleus stain
small stelate with many long thin proccesses
pale basophillic cytoplasm
pale nucleus
stained with Ag
macrophage shape cytoplasm nucleus stain
large - irregularly shaped b/c pseudopedia
pale basophillic granular cytoplasm bc left overs
essentic, dark, kidney shaped nucleus
vital stains (trypan blue and india ink) are used. you put it on food and macrophage eats it so becomes stained
EM of reticular cell
variable amounts of organelle depending on activity
processes are joined by cell junctions
EM of macrophage
irregular (pseudopedia)
rich in lysosomes and residual bodies
big golgi and few rER
functions of reticular cell
- secretion of reticular fibers
- supportive network
- turns phagocytic when stimulated by antigen
- antigen presenting cell to activate lymphocyte
functions of macrophage
- phagocytosis
- multinucleated foreign body giant cell
- antigen presenting cell
- product enzymes and cytokines and collegenase
- destruction of old RBCs
origin & site of mast cell
umc
Loose CT around blood vessels
under epithelium in lung and digestive tube (mucosal mast cell)
mast cell
shape
cytoplasm
nucleus stain
large, oval
basophillic cytoplasm with basophillic granules
central pale nucleus
stained metachromatically (purple or red) by toulidine blue
EM of mast cell
organnelles?
nucleus?
as protein synthesizing cell well developed rER and golgi many mitochondria euchromatic nucleus electron dense membrane granules
functions of mast cells
carries receptors for IgE and responsible for:
- heparin - anticoagulant
- histamine - vasodilation
- leukotrienes - bronchal asthma
- eosinophil chemotactic factor - attracts eosinphil
origin and site of plasma cell
b lymphocyte
in lymphoid tissue
shape of plasma cell
cytoplasm
nucleus
large oval
deep basophillic cytoplasm with negative golgi image
eccentric nucleus with dark heterochromatin and light area of euchromatin - clock face or cart wheel shaped nucleus
EM of plasma cell
also as protein synthesizing cell
- well developed rER and golgi
- many mitochondria
- products are secreted so no secretory granules
functions of plasma cells
synthesis and secretion of antibodies
CT forming cells
fibroblasts, fibrocytes, reticular cells
cells responsible for immunity and defence
macrophage, plasma cell, mast cells, leukocytes
ground substance is made by
stain
fibroblasts
stained by Ag or metachromatic (toluidine blue)
collagen fibers vs electic fibers vs reticular fibers
structure
collagen - collagen protein
elastic - elastic protein
reticular - collagen 3
collagen fibers vs electic fibers vs reticular fibers
synthesis
all - mainly fibroblasts
collagen - chrondoblasts (caritlage) , osteaoblasts (bone)
elastic - chrondoblasts and smooth muscle cells
reticular - smooth muscle cells
shape and color
collagen fibers vs electic fibers vs reticular fibers
collagen - wavy branching bundles formed of non branching fibers (colorless)
elastic - single thin and branching
yellow
reticular - fiber network branching
staining
collagen fibers vs electic fibers vs reticular fibers
collagen - eosin - pink
mallory - blue
van gieson - red
elastic - eosin - pink
orcein - brown
va geison - yellow
reticular
silver- brown
pas- magenta
collagen fibers vs electic fibers vs reticular fibers
characters
boiling?
collagen - strong and not stretchable
flexible but elastic
boiled -> gelatin
elastic - stretch and recoil
resist boiling
reticular - loose flexible network
functions
collagen fibers vs electic fibers vs reticular fibers
collagen - strength and resist stretching
elastic - elasticity
reticular - form flexible network
vit d deficiency
due to
symptoms
scurvy
due to defective collagen synthesis
bleeding gums, loss of teeth, unhealed wounds
keloid
local swelling caused by abnormal healing processes leading to increased collagen in scans of skin
type 1 collagen main sites and cells of origin
bundles CT proper tendon capsule of organs bone origin- fibroblasts and osteoblasts
type 2 collagen main site and cells of origin
fibrils
cartilage
origin - chrondroblast
type 3 collagen main site and cells of origin
stroma of organs
origin - fibroblast, reticular cell, smooth muscle cell
type 4 collagen main site and cells of origin
granular
basal lamina associated with epithelium
origin- epithelial cells
type 5 collagen main site and cells of origin
in dermal epidermal junction of skin
origin- fibroblast
loose CT proper
- loose areolar
- adipose CT
- reticular CT
- Mucoid CT
dense CT proper
white fibrous CT
yellow elastic CT
loose areolar CT
found where? function?
most common type
filled with air cavities, well vascularized, found everywhere except brain
exchanges nutrients to and from blod
white adipose CT vs brown adipose CT
White- less vascular + carotenoids
Brown - more vascular + cytochrome pigments
Mucoid CT
which fibers?
site
function
mainly fibroblasts collagen + reticular fibers in hyaluronic acid jelly like in umbulical cord, eye, pulp of teeth for support
white fibrous CT
fibroblasts
very dense and white
resistant and less flexible
regular - tendon and cornea (regularly arranges collagen bundles and fibroblast in rows)
irregular (irregularly arranged collagen with scattered fibroblasts) - dermes, ligaments, capsule of organs, periosteum, perichondrium
functions and staining
of regular and irregular white fibrous CT
regular - stretch in one direction, stained blue with mallory
irregular - stretch in different reactions, stained blue with mallory
yellow elastic tissue
color, site, stain
elastic fibers, yellow in fresh state
in aorta and lungs, and ligaments
orcein stain - brown
