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Histology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

origin of connective tissue

functions

A

mesoderm

  1. medium for exchange
  2. fat storage
  3. support
  4. defense and protection
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2
Q

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cell vs Pericyte

origin and site

A

UMC - no origin & in bone marrow as blood cells

peri- around blood capillaries

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3
Q

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cell vs Pericyte
shape?
nucleus?
cytoplasm?

A

UMC - small and branches, pale basophillic cytoplasm, large pale nucleus
Peri- branches w/ long processes , pale basophillic cytoplasm and large oval pale nucleus

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4
Q

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cell vs Pericyte

EM

A

UMC- many free ribosomes but few other organelles

Peri- many free ribosomes but few other organelles and have network of actin and myosin for vasocontriction

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5
Q

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cell functions

A

Can differentiate into:

  1. other types of CT cells
  2. blood cells
  3. smooth muscle cells
  4. endothelial cells
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6
Q

Pericyte functions

A 
adult mesenchymal stem cell so in case of injury can differentiate into: 
1. smooth muscle cells
2. endothelial cells
3. fibroblasts
By contraction:
vasoconstriction
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7
Q

origin and site of fibroblast

A

origin : UMC and pericyte

site: in all types of CT proper

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8
Q

Active Fibroblast vs Old Fibroblast (Fibrocyte)
shape?
cytoplasm?
nucleus?

A 
active- branches with long thin proccesses 
deep basophillic cytoplasm
large pale nucleus
old- small with few processes
pale basophillic cytoplasm
small darker nucleus
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9
Q

Active Fibroblast vs Old Fibroblast (Fibrocyte)

EM (organelles) nucleus

A

active - well developed rER and golgi
many mitochondria and euchromatic nucleus
old - few organelles, heterochromatin nucleus

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10
Q

functions of active fibroblast

A
  1. synthesis of CT fibers
  2. synthesis of ground substance for matrix
  3. synthesis of growth factors
  4. healing and reapir
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11
Q

functions of old fibroblast (fibrocyte)

A

during injury, it becomes active to heal wounds

slow turnover of extra cellular components fo maintains CT

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12
Q

adipose cell origin and site

A

origin - UMC
site : unilocular - white adipose connective tissue
multilocular - brown adipose connective tissue

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13
Q 
Unilocular vs multilocular adipose cell
shape
how is fat stored?
nucleus?
 stain?
A

unilocular - large and oval
fat is stored as one large droplet
peripheral, flat, nucleus
stain : sudan 3 - orange

multilocular - smaller
fat is scattered
nucleus is eccentric and round
pigmented brown color b/c has mitochondria

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14
Q

unilocular fat cells contain

A

dissolved carotenoids

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15
Q

signet ring

A

in unilocular only

when stained with H&E, fat is removed and makes a ring appearance.

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16
Q

Unilocular vs multilocular adipose cell

EM

A

uni- alot of sER
few mitochondria

multi- less sER
many mitochondria rich in cytochrome oxidase

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17
Q

functions of unilocular fat cell

A
  1. synthesis & storage of fat
  2. support organs like kidney
  3. heat insulation
  4. secrete leptin hormone to inhibit food intake
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18
Q

functions of multilocular fat cell

A

thermogenesis which if break down of fat for heat by thermogenin protein in mitochondria

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19
Q

reticular cell vs macrophage

origin and site

A

reticular - UMC
in stroma of glands and organs

macrophage- monocyte
fixed in CT -> histocyte
free in liver -> kupffer cell

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20
Q 
reticular cell 
shape
cytoplasm
nucleus
stain
A

small stelate with many long thin proccesses
pale basophillic cytoplasm
pale nucleus
stained with Ag

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21
Q 
macrophage
shape
cytoplasm
nucleus
stain
A

large - irregularly shaped b/c pseudopedia
pale basophillic granular cytoplasm bc left overs
essentic, dark, kidney shaped nucleus
vital stains (trypan blue and india ink) are used. you put it on food and macrophage eats it so becomes stained

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22
Q

EM of reticular cell

A

variable amounts of organelle depending on activity

processes are joined by cell junctions

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23
Q

EM of macrophage

A

irregular (pseudopedia)
rich in lysosomes and residual bodies
big golgi and few rER

24
Q

functions of reticular cell

A
  1. secretion of reticular fibers
  2. supportive network
  3. turns phagocytic when stimulated by antigen
  4. antigen presenting cell to activate lymphocyte
25
Q

functions of macrophage

A
  1. phagocytosis
  2. multinucleated foreign body giant cell
  3. antigen presenting cell
  4. product enzymes and cytokines and collegenase
  5. destruction of old RBCs
26
Q

origin & site of mast cell

A

umc
Loose CT around blood vessels
under epithelium in lung and digestive tube (mucosal mast cell)

27
Q

mast cell
shape
cytoplasm
nucleus stain

A

large, oval
basophillic cytoplasm with basophillic granules
central pale nucleus
stained metachromatically (purple or red) by toulidine blue

28
Q

EM of mast cell
organnelles?
nucleus?

A 
as protein synthesizing cell
well developed rER and golgi
many mitochondria
euchromatic nucleus
electron dense membrane granules
29
Q

functions of mast cells

A

carries receptors for IgE and responsible for:

  1. heparin - anticoagulant
  2. histamine - vasodilation
  3. leukotrienes - bronchal asthma
  4. eosinophil chemotactic factor - attracts eosinphil
30
Q

origin and site of plasma cell

A

b lymphocyte

in lymphoid tissue

31
Q

shape of plasma cell
cytoplasm
nucleus

A

large oval
deep basophillic cytoplasm with negative golgi image
eccentric nucleus with dark heterochromatin and light area of euchromatin - clock face or cart wheel shaped nucleus

32
Q

EM of plasma cell

A

also as protein synthesizing cell

  1. well developed rER and golgi
  2. many mitochondria
  3. products are secreted so no secretory granules
33
Q

functions of plasma cells

A

synthesis and secretion of antibodies

34
Q

CT forming cells

A

fibroblasts, fibrocytes, reticular cells

35
Q

cells responsible for immunity and defence

A

macrophage, plasma cell, mast cells, leukocytes

36
Q

ground substance is made by

stain

A

fibroblasts

stained by Ag or metachromatic (toluidine blue)

37
Q

collagen fibers vs electic fibers vs reticular fibers

structure

A

collagen - collagen protein
elastic - elastic protein
reticular - collagen 3

38
Q

collagen fibers vs electic fibers vs reticular fibers

synthesis

A

all - mainly fibroblasts
collagen - chrondoblasts (caritlage) , osteaoblasts (bone)

elastic - chrondoblasts and smooth muscle cells

reticular - smooth muscle cells

39
Q

shape and color

collagen fibers vs electic fibers vs reticular fibers

A

collagen - wavy branching bundles formed of non branching fibers (colorless)

elastic - single thin and branching
yellow

reticular - fiber network branching

40
Q

staining

collagen fibers vs electic fibers vs reticular fibers

A

collagen - eosin - pink
mallory - blue
van gieson - red

elastic - eosin - pink
orcein - brown
va geison - yellow

reticular
silver- brown
pas- magenta

41
Q

collagen fibers vs electic fibers vs reticular fibers
characters
boiling?

A

collagen - strong and not stretchable
flexible but elastic
boiled -> gelatin

elastic - stretch and recoil
resist boiling

reticular - loose flexible network

42
Q

functions

collagen fibers vs electic fibers vs reticular fibers

A

collagen - strength and resist stretching
elastic - elasticity
reticular - form flexible network

43
Q

vit d deficiency
due to
symptoms

A

scurvy
due to defective collagen synthesis
bleeding gums, loss of teeth, unhealed wounds

44
Q

keloid

A

local swelling caused by abnormal healing processes leading to increased collagen in scans of skin

45
Q

type 1 collagen main sites and cells of origin

A 
bundles
CT proper
tendon
capsule of organs
bone
origin- fibroblasts and osteoblasts
46
Q

type 2 collagen main site and cells of origin

A

fibrils
cartilage
origin - chrondroblast

47
Q

type 3 collagen main site and cells of origin

A

stroma of organs

origin - fibroblast, reticular cell, smooth muscle cell

48
Q

type 4 collagen main site and cells of origin

A

granular
basal lamina associated with epithelium
origin- epithelial cells

49
Q

type 5 collagen main site and cells of origin

A

in dermal epidermal junction of skin

origin- fibroblast

50
Q

loose CT proper

A
  1. loose areolar
  2. adipose CT
  3. reticular CT
  4. Mucoid CT
51
Q

dense CT proper

A

white fibrous CT

yellow elastic CT

52
Q

loose areolar CT

found where? function?

A

most common type
filled with air cavities, well vascularized, found everywhere except brain
exchanges nutrients to and from blod

53
Q

white adipose CT vs brown adipose CT

A

White- less vascular + carotenoids

Brown - more vascular + cytochrome pigments

54
Q

Mucoid CT
which fibers?
site
function

A 
mainly fibroblasts
collagen + reticular fibers
in hyaluronic acid
jelly like
in umbulical cord, eye, pulp of teeth
for support
55
Q

white fibrous CT

A

fibroblasts
very dense and white
resistant and less flexible
regular - tendon and cornea (regularly arranges collagen bundles and fibroblast in rows)
irregular (irregularly arranged collagen with scattered fibroblasts) - dermes, ligaments, capsule of organs, periosteum, perichondrium

56
Q

functions and staining

of regular and irregular white fibrous CT

A

regular - stretch in one direction, stained blue with mallory

irregular - stretch in different reactions, stained blue with mallory

57
Q

yellow elastic tissue

color, site, stain

A

elastic fibers, yellow in fresh state
in aorta and lungs, and ligaments
orcein stain - brown

Histology (5 decks)

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