Epithelial Tissue

Question 1

Where: Simple Squamous

Answer 1

Pericardium, peritoneum, pleural membrane (mesothelium)
Endothelium.
Capillary/lymphatic vessel walls. Alveoli. Generally anywhere diffusion is required to occur quickly.

Question 2

Function:Simple Squamous

Answer 2

Provides serous membrane around organs.

Filtration. Minimising diffusion distance.

Question 3

Where: Simple cuboidal

Answer 3

Ovary surface.
Anterior surface of lens, pigmented epithelium on retina.
Lining of kidney tubule and glandular ducts
Secretory portion of glands.

Question 4

Function: Simple cuboidal

Answer 4

Secretion and absorption

Question 5

Where: Simple Non-ciliated Columnar Epithelium

Answer 5

Lines gastrointestinal tract, ducts of glands and gallbladder.

Question 6

Function: Simple Non-ciliated Columnar Epithelium

Answer 6

Secretory and absorption.
Goblet cells produce mucus in the GI tract to protect against acidic gastric juices.
Villi increase surface area to allow more absorption.

Question 7

Where: Simple Ciliated Columnar Epithelium

Answer 7

Lining of bronchioles and sinuses.
Uterine tubes and uterus
Central canal of spinal cord
Brain ventricles

Question 8

Function: Simple ciliated epithelium.

Answer 8

Cilia beat to move substances such as mucus along the GE tract, or the oocyte along the uterine tubes, or the spinal fluid along the canal and ventricle.
Mucus produced by goblet cells to trap protein.

Question 9

Where: Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 9

Ciliated: Upper respiratory tract

Non ciliated: Larger ducts of glands, epididymis, urethra.

Question 10

Function: Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 10

Ciliated: Produces mucus to trap pathogens and cilia removes them.
Nonciliated: Absoprtion and protection

Question 11

Where/Function: Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 11

Keratinised: Superficial layer of skin-waterproof and protection against abrasion.
Nonkeratinised: Lines wet surfaces (mouth, tongue, esophagus, vagina, epiglottis and pharynx)
Protection

Question 12

Where: Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 12

Sweat gland ducts
Esophagal glands
Male Urethra

Question 13

Function: Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 13

Protection

Secretion and absorption to a lesser extent

Question 14

Where: Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 14

Urethra
Large glandular ducts
Anal mucus membrane
Conjunctiva

Question 15

Function: Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 15

Protection and Secretion

Question 16

Where : Transitional Epithelium

Answer 16

Bladder

Ureter and urethra

Question 17

Function: Transitional Epithelium

Answer 17

Allows organs and lining to stretch without rupturing.

Question 18

Example :Simple tubular

Answer 18

Intestinal glands

Question 19

Example: Simple branched tubular

Answer 19

Gastric glands.

Mucous glands of the oesophagus, tongue and duodenum.

Question 20

Example: Simple coiled tubular

Answer 20

Sweat glands

Question 21

Example: Simple acinar

Answer 21

Glands of penile urethra

Question 22

Example: Compound tubular

Answer 22

Bulbourethral glands (gland under the prostate-involved in semen production)
Seminiferous tubules
Mucous glands in mouth.

Question 23

Example: Compound acinar

Answer 23

Mammary glands

Question 24

Example: Compound tubuloacinar

Answer 24

Acinar glands of pancreas (digestive enzymes)
Salivary glands
Glands of respiratory tract.

Question 25

Tight Junction

Answer 25

Occludins and claudins attach to cytoskeleton of neighbouring cell. Creates seal to prevent diffusion of material through interstitial space, maintains polarity of cell.

Question 26

Adherens Junction

Answer 26

Cadherins span interstitial space and bind to cadherins from the neighbouring cell. Cadherins bind to catenins within the cell, which connect them to actin microfilaments which form a protein plaque.

Question 27

Desmosomes/Hemidesmosomes

Answer 27

Cadherins still bind to each other in the interstitial space but they are bound to desmoplakin within the cell, which are attached to keratin intermediate filaments by integrins. Hemidesmosomes are the same but integrins instead of cadherens bind to other integrins, which attach to laminin intermediate fibres in the basement membrane.

Question 28

Gap Junction

Answer 28

6 connexins arranged in a ring to for a connexon/hemichannel-joins with hemichannels on opposite membrane.
Allows 1000AU mass of molecules to pass through- such as neurotransmitters.

Question 29

Basement Membrane

Answer 29

Basal and reticular lamina.
Basal: Secreted by the epithelial tissue. Made of laminins, collagen, proteoglycans and glycoproteins AMONG OTHERS. Acts as selectively permeable filter.
Reticular: Produced by fibroblasts in the connective tissue. Made of fibronectin and collagen. Adhesive purposes.

Question 30

Holocrine Secretion

Answer 30

Stores secretions in cytosol. When secretion occurs the cell ruptures and secretes cell contents (such as a lot of phospholipid) along w product. High rate of mitosis to replace ruptured cells
Sebaceous glands.

Question 31

Apocrine Secretion.

Answer 31

Stores product near the apical membrane, which can pinch off to form a large secretory vesicle. Cells repairs itself after.
Mammary glands

Question 32

Merocrine

Answer 32

Secretes product normally by synthesising secretory vesicles at the Golgi apparatus and secreted by exocytosis.
Most exocrine glands: Salivary and Pancreas.