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Biological Sciences 107 > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

Memorise all the connective tissue garbage

1
Q

Where: dermatan sulfate

A

Skin, tendons, heart valve, vessel walls

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2
Q

Where: keratan sulfate

A

Joints, cartilage, cornea

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3
Q

Where/ function: Chondroitin sulfate

A

Support and adhesion

Cartilage, bone, skin, vessel walls

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4
Q

Property/function: Hyaluronic acid

A

Slippery and viscous

Binds cells, lubricates joints, maintains shape of eyeballs

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5
Q

Property: Collagen

A

Thick, and strong. Found in parallel bundles. Flexible. Resistant to tension.

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6
Q

Where: Collagen

A

Bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament, aponeuroses.

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7
Q

Property: Reticular fibres

A

Collagen in fine bundles coated with glycoproteins.

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8
Q

Function/Where: Reticular fibres

A

Make up areolar, adipose nervous and smooth muscle tissue.
Provide strength and support in blood vessel walls
Reticular lamina
Stroma of organs eg spleen

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9
Q

Property: Elastic fibres

A

Made of elastin and covered in fibrillin.

Elastic, and return to original shape after stretching.

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10
Q

Where: Elastic fibres

A

Skin, lungs, blood vessels

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11
Q

Function: Fibroblasts

A

Secrete fibres of the ECM.

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12
Q

Function: Adipocytes

A

Stores triglycerides.

Absorbs mechanical shock

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13
Q

Where: Adipocytes

A

Hypodermis, around organs.

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14
Q

Where: Macrophages

A

Wandering: Around connective tissue.
Fixed: Lungs (Dust)
Liver (Kupffer)
Skin (Langerhans’)

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15
Q

Function: Macrophages

A

Phagocytosis of pathogens

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16
Q

Where: Mast cells

A

Around blood vessels.

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17
Q

Function: Mast cells

A

Secrete histamine to cause inflammatory response.

Destroy pathogens

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18
Q

Where: Leukocytes

A

From blood into connective tissue

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19
Q

Where: Plasma cells

A

GI/respiratory tracts, salivary glands, lymph node, red marrow, spleen

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20
Q

Function: Plasma cells

A

Secretes antibodies.

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21
Q

Where: Mesenchyme

A

Near skin and bones of embryo.

Near blood vessels of adults.

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22
Q

Property: Mesenchyme

A

Irregularly shaped mesenchymal cells in a semi fluid ground substance with reticular fibres.

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23
Q

Function: Mucous tissue

A

Supports umbilical cord

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24
Q

Property: Mucous tissue

A

Fibroblasts in ground substance with collagen

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25
Q

Property: Areolar tissue

A

Ground substance contains keratan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermantan sulfate and hyaluronic acid.
Collagen, elastic and reticular fibres.
Strong, elastic and supportive.

26
Q

Function: Areolar tissue

A

Acts as packing material. Holds organ and epithelial tissue in place.

27
Q

Where: Areolar tissue

A

Hypodermis, superficial layers of dermis, around most organs.

28
Q

Property: Adipose tissue

A

Network of adipocytes.

29
Q

Where: Adipose tissue

A

Behind eyes sockets, yellow marrow, joints, wherever areolar tissue is found.

30
Q

Function: Adipose tissue

A

Brown: Generates heat of metabolism/thermoregulation
White: Lipid storage.

31
Q

Property: Reticular tissue

A

Network of reticular cells and reticular fibres.

32
Q

Function: Reticular tissue

A

Organs: filtration
Otherwise: bind cells together.
Makes up RED bone marrow

33
Q

Where: Reticular tissue

A

Stroma of liver, spleen, lymph nodes. Reticular lamina. Around vessels and muscles.
Red bone marrow.

34
Q

Property: Dense regular

A

Dense regular network of collagen and fibroblasts.

Resists tension

35
Q

Where: Dense regular

A

Aponeuroses, tendons, ligaments.

36
Q

Property: Dense irregular

A

Irregular arrangement of collagen with fibroblasts in between. Forms a sheet.
Resists tension in many directions.

37
Q

Where: Dense irregular

A

Fasciae, hypodermis, dermis, fibrous pericardium, periosteum, joint capsule, membrane capsule around organs, heart valves.

38
Q

Property: Dense elastic

A

Elastic lamellae formed by elastic fibres with fibroblasts in between. Very elastic and can return to initial length.

39
Q

Where: Dense elastic

A

Lung tissue, blood vessel walls, GI tract, suspensory ligaments in penis, ligaments in vertebrae

40
Q

Property: Hyaline cartilage

A

Resilient but weak ground substance. Thin collagen fibres. Flexible and supportive but weak.
Perichondrium present

41
Q

Function: Hyaline cartilage

A

Provide interface for movement at joints.

42
Q

Where: Hyaline cartilage

A

GE tract, end of long bones, anterior end of nose growth plate of bone, fetal skeleton.

43
Q

Property: fibrocartilage

A

Visible bundles of collagen in extracellular matrix. Increased strength and rigidity-strongest cartilage.
Pericondrium absent

44
Q

Property: Cartilage in general

A

Avascular and no nerves.

Chondrocytes reside in lacunae.

45
Q

Where: fibrocartilage

A

Pubic symphysis, menisci, invertebrate disks, tendons joined to cartilage.

46
Q

Property: Elastic cartilage

A

Network of elastic fibres in extracellular matrix with chondrocytes in between. Elastic.

47
Q

Function: Elastic cartilage

A

Maintains shape of structures.

48
Q

Where: Elastic cartilage

A

Epiglottis, auricle of ear, auditory tubes.

49
Q

Property: Compact bone

A

Made of osteons. Osteons are networks of mineralised collagen surrounding osteocytes.

50
Q

Function: Compact bone

A

Protection. Storage of calcium and phosphate ions.

51
Q

Property: Spongy bone

A

Made of intersecting plates known as trabeculae, which cause bone to be rigid.
Trabeculae have canaliculi, lamellae, osteocytes and lacunae.
Contains red bone marrow if trabeculae are present.

52
Q

Function: Spongy bone

A

Stores haemopoetic red bone marrow.

53
Q

Function: Osteogenic cells

A

MESENCHYMAL. Lays down collagen network

54
Q

Function: Osteoblasts

A

Lays down more collagen while beginning to mineralise collagen into bone.

55
Q

Function: Osteocytes

A

Maintains bone tissue. Exchange nutrients and waste with other osteocytes using dendritic conenctions.

56
Q

Function/property: Osteoclasts

A

Multinucleated. Mde from fusion of monocytes. Absorbs broken bones, remodels new bone.

57
Q

Property/Function: Osteons and its parts

A

Lamellae: Concentrated extracellular matrix of calcium and phosphate salts (hydroxyapatite) with dense collagen fibres. Strong because of the minerals, while collagen provides tensile strength.
Lacunae: Holes in the network where osteocytes reside.
Canaliculi: Slits where dendritic connections reside.
Osteon Channel: cavity at the centre of osteon to accomodate nerves and blood supply.

58
Q

Abnormal Periorbital ECM and Thyroid Disease

A

Caused by the overstimulation of thyroid, leading to the overproduction of GAGs by fibroblasts. Decreases osmotic pressure and water rushes into periorbital tissue, leading to exophthalmos.

59
Q

Marfan Syndrome

A

Dominant mutation on chromosome 15 leading to deformed fibrillin. Prevents fibrillin from binding to TGFb, leading to an excess of the factor and excess growth.
Symptoms: Collapsed sternum, overlapping little finger and thumb when gripping, weakened heart valves and arterial walls.

60
Q

What: Leukocytes

A

Granular: Neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils.
Agranular: Monocytes, lymphocytes.

61
Q

Process of Bone Repair

A

Osteoclasts break down excess bone.
Chondroblasts lay down hyaline cartilage callus
Osteoblasts lay down and remineralises new bone.
Osteoclasts remodel new bone.

Biological Sciences 107 (12 decks)

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