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Histology > Epithelial tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Most epithelia rest on connective tissue. In the digestive, respiratory and urinary systems, this connective tissue that support and provides nutrition to the epithelia is called what?

A

Lamina propria

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2
Q

All external and internal surfaces of the body is lined with this type of tissue

A

Epithelial tissue

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3
Q

An epithelial cell has these regions: one that faces the connective tissue, one that faces a space and those that are apposed in neighboring cells. What are these regions called?

A

Faces connective tissue: basal pole
Faces space: apical pole
Faces other cells: lateral surfaces

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4
Q

Epithelium with one layer is classified as

A. Simple
B. Stratified
C. Transitional
D. Pyramidal

A

A

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5
Q

Epithelium with two or more cell layers

A. Simple
B. Stratified
C. Transitional
D. Pseudostratified

A

B

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6
Q

How is stratified epithelium classified when the cells per layer vary?

A

The shape of the cells in the first layer are used in classifying.

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7
Q

Epithelium that appears to be stratified, although some cells do not reach the free surface and all rest on the basement membrane

A. Simple
B. Stratified
C. Transitional
D. Pseudostratified

A

D

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8
Q

Which organ has transitional epithelium lining?

A

Lower urinary tract: from the minor calyces of the kidney to the proximal part of the urethra

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9
Q

Microvilli, stereocilia and cilia are special structural surface modification on which pole of the epithelial cell?

A

Apical

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10
Q

Closely packed, tall microvilli are in cells that primarily transport fluid and absorb metabolites. T/F

A

T

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11
Q

Under the light microscope, microvilli appear as the striated border in intestinal absorptive cells, and as the brush border in the kidney tubule cells. T/F

A

T

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12
Q

Which filaments do microvilli contain?

A

Actin

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13
Q

Fingerlike cytoplasmic projections on the apical surface of most epithelial cells

A

Microvilli

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14
Q

Unusually long, immotile microvilli

A

Stereocilia or stereovilli

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15
Q

Which apical structure has a striated or brush border appearance?

A

Microvilli

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16
Q

Stereocillia is limited in which structures of the body?

A

Epididymis of ductus deferens, and sensory hair cells of inner ear

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17
Q

The stereocilia of the ear are absorptive structures rather than sensory mechanoreceptors. T/F

A

F

They are sensory mechanoreceptors.

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18
Q

Common hairlike extensions of the apical plasma membrane present on nearly every cell in the body

A

Cillia

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19
Q

Apical modifications that give a “crew-cut” appearance to the epithelial surface

A

Cillia

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20
Q

Impermeable cell junctions that allow epithelial cells to function as barrier

A

Tight or occluding junctions (zonula occludens)

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21
Q

Cell junction located at the most apical point between the adjoining cells

A

Tight or occluding junctions (zonula occludens)

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22
Q

Because of their location, occluding junctions prevent the migration of lipids and specialized membrane proteins
between the apical and lateral surfaces. T/F

A

T

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23
Q

Cell junctions that provide mechanical stability to epithelial cells by linking the cytoskeleton of one cell to the cytoskeleton of an adjacent

A

Anchoring junctions

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24
Q

Cell junctions located not only on the lateral cell surface but also on the basal domain of the epithelial cell

A

Anchoring junctions

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25
Q

Cell junctions that allow direct communica tion
between adjacent cells by diffusion of small (1,200
daltons) molecules

A

Communicating junctions

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26
Q

The most apical component in the junctional complex

between epithelial cells

A

Zonula occludens

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27
Q

The two distinct pathways for transport of substances across the epithelia

A

Transcellular and paracellular pathway

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28
Q

Four types of anchoring junctions

A

Zonula adherens, macula adherens, hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions

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29
Q

Type of anchoring junction which interacts with the network of actin filaments inside the cell

A

Zonula adherens

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30
Q

Type of anchoring junction which interacts with intermediate filaments

A

Macula adherens

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31
Q

Macula adherens are desmosomes. T/F

A

T

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32
Q

Two types of anchoring junctions on the lateral aspect of the cell

A

Zonula adherens, macula adherens

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33
Q

Ductless glands that secrete their products into the surrounding connective tissue for the blood stream to take up

A

Endocrine glands

34
Q

Glands that secrete products through ducts

A

Exocrine glands

35
Q

Hormones are released by endocrine or exocrine glands?

A

Endocrine

36
Q

Glands which secrete a substance that does not reach the bloodstream but rather affects other cells
within the same epithelium

A

Paracrine

37
Q

Three basic release mechanisms for secretory products by exocrine glands

A

Merocrine, apocrine, holocrine

38
Q

Most common mechanism of secretion of glandular products

A

Merocrine

39
Q

Secretion mechanism which makes use of transport vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

A

Merocrine

40
Q

Lactation is what type of secretion?

A

Apocrine

41
Q

Which mechanism of secretion releases the product in the apical portion of the cell, surrounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm within an envelope of plasma membrane?

A

Apocrine

42
Q

Ciliary glands of the eyelids make use of which type of secretion?

A

Apocrine

43
Q

The tarsal glands of the eyelids make use of which type of secretion mechanism?

A

Holocrine

44
Q

Which mechanism of secretion are secretory products and cell debris discharged into the lumen of the gland?

A

Holocrine

45
Q

Classification of exocrine glands according to cell number?

A

Unicellular and multicellular

46
Q

When an exocrine gland has an unbranched duct

A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Tubular
D. Alveolar

A

A

47
Q

If the duct is branched, it is

A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Tubular
D. Alveolar

A

B

48
Q

If the secretory portion is shaped like a tube, the gland is

A. Simple
B. Compound
C. Tubular
D. Alveolar

A

C

49
Q

If duct is shaped like a flask, gland is

A. Acinar
B. Compound
C. Tubular
D. Alveolar
E. A and D
A

E

50
Q

If the tubular duct ends in a saclike dilation, the gland is

A. Acinar
B. Compound
C. Tubuloalveolar
D. Alveolar
E. A and D
A

C

51
Q

Which is TRUE of pseudostratified epithelium?

A. Found in highly distensible organs such as in the urinary tract
B. Composed of 2 or more cell layers
C. Presence of cells that do not reach the apical surface
D. Usually associated apical surface

A

C

52
Q

Which is a feature of epithelial tissue?

A. Abundant intercellular matrix
B. Highly vascular
C. Poorly renewing
D. Exhibits polarity

A

D

53
Q

Which is a CORRECT pairing?

A. Merocrine: pancreas
B. Apocrine: apocrine sweat gland
C. Holocrine: mammary gland
D. Exocrine: thyroid gland

A

A

54
Q

Which type of epithelium is found in MAJORITY of the digestive tract?

A. Simple cuboidal
B. Simple columnar
C. Stratified squamous
D. Pseudostratified

A

B

55
Q

Which type of intercellular junction is responsible for forming a belt-like adhesive band between epithelial cells?

A. Desmosome
B. Hemidesmosome
C. Zonula occludens
D. Zonula adherens

A

D

56
Q

Which structure of the basement membrane is responsible for not allowing the passage of negatively charged molecules?

A. Laminin
B. Fibronectin
C. Heparan sulfate
D. Type IV collagen

A

C

57
Q

Which feature distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands?

A. Endocrine glands do not originate from surface epithelium.
B. Endocrine glands do not have ducts.
C. Endocrine glands do not have secretions.
D. Endocrine glands do not form discrete large organs.

A

B

58
Q

Which is the correct flow of secretions from the acini of exocrine glands?

A. Acini—Striated duct—intercalated duct—intralobular duct —interlobular duct
B. Acini—Intralobular duct—interlobular duct–intercalated duct—striated duct
C. Acini—intercalated duct—intralobular duct—interlobular duct—striated duct
D. Acini—intercalated duct—striated duct—intralobular duct—interlobular duct

A

D

59
Q

Which organ has both exocrine and endocrine function?

A. Testis
B. Thyroid
C. Pituitary
D. Pineal gland

A

A

60
Q

Which is TRUE of microvilli?

A. Composed of 9+2 microtubule pattern
B. Held in upright parallel array by the desmosomes
C. Beating motion is due to dynein
D. Prominent in the small intestine

A

D

61
Q

Which intercellular junction seals intercellular space and maintains polarity of epithelial cells?

A. zonula occludens
B. macula adherens
C. zonula adherens
D. gap junction

A

A

62
Q

What surface modification is found in the respiratory mucosa?

A. cilia
B. microvilli
C. stereocilia
D. flagella

A

A

63
Q

What organ has both exocrine and endocrine functions?

A. thyroid gland
B. pancreas
C. gallbladder
D. ovary

A

B

64
Q

Which of the following is a gland wherein the apical portion of the cytoplasm of cells is discharged with the secretion?

A. apocrine sweat gland
B. thyroid gland
C. sebaceous gland
D.mammary gland

A

D

65
Q

What do you call the simple squamous epithelium
lining the blood vessels?

A. mesothelium
B. serosa
C. endothelium
D. mucosa

A

C

66
Q

Which describes the structure of axonemes and which describes basal bodies?

A. 9+0
B. 9+2

A

A. Basal body

B. Axoneme

67
Q

Layers of the basal lamina

A

Lamina lucida, lamina densa

68
Q

Which is a component of lamina lucida, and which is that of lamina densa?

Laminin
Collagen IV
Sulfated ptoteoglycan
Fibronectin

A

Lamina densa: Collagen IV, Sulfated ptoteoglycan, Fibronectin

Lamina lucida: Laminin

69
Q

The basement membrane is seen in which stain?

A. H&E
B. PAS
C. Ag

A

B

70
Q

The basement membrane consists of which layers?

A

Basal lamina and reticular lamina

71
Q

In which organs is basement membrane found?

A

Trachea and glomerulus

72
Q

Which epithelial cells are connected by macula adherens?

A

Stratified squamous

73
Q

Which epithelial cells are connected by zonula adherens?

A

Cuboid and columnar

74
Q

Which is the only example of a simple coiled tubular gland?

A

Sweat glands

75
Q

What type of gland is sebaceous gland on the basis of its duct and secretory portion?

A

Simple branched acinar

76
Q

Which are the only compound succular glands?

A

Mammary and prostate glands

77
Q

What type of gland is the submandibular gland on the basis of its duct and secretory portion?

A

Compound branched tubuloacinar

78
Q

What type of gland is exocrine pancreas on the basis of its duct and secretory portion?

A

Compound branched tubuloacinar

79
Q

What is the epithelial component of the glands called?

A. Compound
B. Stroma
C. Parenchyma

A

C

80
Q

What is the stroma of the gland?

A

The CT component, which includes the capsule of the gland, septa, thinner septa, and reticular fibers

Histology (3 decks)

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