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Histology > Connective tissue > Flashcards

Connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Components of connective tissue

A

Cells and extra-cellular matrix

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2
Q

Which component defines connective tissues?

A

Extra-cellular matrix

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3
Q

Which embryonic germ layer gives rise to most of the connective tissue of the body?

A

Mesoderm

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4
Q

Mesenchyme is primitive connective tissue. T/F

A

T

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5
Q

Two general subtypes of connective tissue

A

Loose and dense connective tissue

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6
Q

Areolar tissue is also called ___

A

Loose connective tissue

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7
Q

Dense connective tissue can be classified into two according to their fibers

A

Dense irregular and dense regular connective tissue

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8
Q

Cellular connective tissue with thin and relatively sparse collagen fibers

A

Loose connective tissue

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9
Q

Ground substance is greater than fibers in amount in loose connective tissue. T/F

A

T

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10
Q

Dense connective tissue is the site

of inflammatory and immune reactions. T/F

A

F

Loose connective tissue is.

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11
Q

The submucosa layer of the alimentary canal is composed of which type of connective tissue?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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12
Q

The reticular layer of the dermis is which type of connective tissue?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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13
Q

Tendons, ligaments and aponeuroses are which type of connective tissue?

A

Dense regular connective tissue

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14
Q

Types of connective tissue fibers

A

Collagen, reticular and elastic fibers

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15
Q

Most abundant type of connective

tissue fiber.

A

Collagen

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16
Q

Reticular fibers and which collagen type both consist of collagen fibrils?

A

Type I

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17
Q

Reticular fibers consist of collagen fibers and which type of collagen?

A

Type III fibers

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18
Q

The prevalence of which fiber is an indicator of

tissue maturity in wound healing?

A

Reticular fiber

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19
Q

What three groups of molecules compose the ground substance?

A

GAGs, multiadhesive glycoproteins, and proteoglycans

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20
Q

Which is the principal cell of connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

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21
Q

Why are fibroblasts the principal cell of connective tissue?

A

They are responsible for the synthesis of the fibers and the complex carbohydrates of the ground substance

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22
Q

Fibroblasts reside in close proximity to which of its secretions?

A

Collagen fibers

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23
Q

Macrophages are also known as hystiocytes. T/F

A

T

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24
Q

Macrophages are derived from which cells?

A

Monocytes

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25
Q

Main function of the macrophage

A

Phagocytosis

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26
Q

Specific proteins on the surfaces of macrophages that allow them to interact with helper T-lymphocytes

A

Major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II)

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27
Q

Where do mast cells develop?

A

in bone marrow

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28
Q

Where do mast cells differentiate?

A

Connective tissue

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29
Q

From which cells in the bone marrow do mast cells arise?

A

Hemopoietic stem cell (HSC)

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30
Q

The mast cell is related to, but not identical with which cell?

A

Basophils

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31
Q

Mast cells are not present in the brain and spinal cord. T/F

A

T

Although, the meninges contain mast cells. The absence of mast cells protects the brain and spinal cord from the potentially disruptive effects of the edema of allergic reactions.

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32
Q

Which cells secretes histamine?

A

Mast cells

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33
Q

Function of mast cells

A

Mediates inflammation

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34
Q

Which cells secretes histamine?

A

Mast cells

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35
Q

Where do basophils develop and mature?

A

Bone marrow

36
Q

Connective tissue cells that stores neutral fat

A

Adipocytes

37
Q

Adipocytes differentiate from which cells?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

38
Q

Smallest of the wandering cells in the connective tissue

A

Lymphocytes

39
Q

Where are lymphocytes most numerous?

A

Lamina propria of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts

40
Q

The number of lymphocytes increase dramatically at sites of tissue inflammation caused by pathogenic agents. T/F

A

T

41
Q

What are the three major functional cell types of lymphocytes?

A

T- cells, B-cells, natural killers (NK) cells

42
Q

How are lymphocytes classified into the three functional types?

A

The basis for lymphocyte classification is the molecules on its plasma membrane called cluster of differentiation (CD) proteins, which are specific marker proteins

43
Q

Which lymphocytes have a long life span and are effectors in cell-mediated immunity?

A

T-lymphocytes

44
Q

Which lymphocytes recognize antigen, have a variable life span and are effectors in antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity?

A

B-lymphocytes

45
Q

Which lymphocytes are not antigen specific, but destroy virus-infected cells and some tumor cells by a cytotoxic mechanism?

A

NK lymphocytes

46
Q

T-lymphocytes are effectors in which type of immunity?

A

Cell-mediated immunity

47
Q

B-lymphocytes are effectos in which type of immunity?

A

Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity

48
Q

Clones of B lymphocytes mature into which cells?

A

Plasma cells

49
Q

Plasma cells are derived from which cells?

A

B-lymphocytes

50
Q

A plasma cells has a long life span. T/F

A

F

They are a life span of 10 to 30 days.

51
Q

A plasma cells has as much migratory ability as its precursor cell. T/F

A

F

It has limited migratory ability despite arising from the mobile B-lymphocyte.

52
Q

Which is NOT included in the ground substance of connective tissues?

A. Hyaluronic acid 
B. Proteoglycans 
C. Fibronectin 
D.Collagen fibers 
 E. Glycosaminoglycans
A

D

53
Q

Which cell type is responsible for producing connective tissue matrix?

A. Mesencymal cell 
B. Fibroblast 
C. Mast cell 
D. Lymphocyte 
E. Macrophage
A

B

54
Q

Which of the following is NOT a glycosaminoglycan?

A. Keratan sulfate 
B. Hyaluronic acid 
C. Chondroitin sulfate 
D. Heparin sulfate 
E. Fibronectin
A

E

55
Q

Which fiber is MOST COMMONLY associated with the formation of a fine supportive network in soft tissues of the body?

A. Type I collagen fiber 
B. Type III collagen fiber 
C. Elastic fiber 
D. Elastin fiber 
E. Purkinje fiber
A

B

56
Q

Which of the following is/are function/s of connective tissues?

A. Immunologic protection 
B. Tissue repair 
C. Structural support 
D. Fuel storage 
E. All of the above
A

E

57
Q

Which cell of connective tissues has the longest life span?

A. Eosinophil 
B. Mast cell 
C. Lymphocyte 
D. Macrophage 
E. Plasma cell
A

C

58
Q

Which cell of connective tissues demonstrates the property of metachromasia?

A. Eosinophil
B. Monocyte
C. Lymphocyte
D. Mast cell

A

D

59
Q

Which chemical/s is/are responsible for the metachromasia?

A. Histamine 
B. Peroxidase 
C. Lipase 
D. Heparin 
E. All of the above
A

D

60
Q

What cell is the precursor of the plasma cell of connective tissues?

A. Monocyte 
B. T lymphocyte 
C. B lymphocyte 
D. Macrophage 
E. Natural killer cell
A

C

61
Q

Which tissue is mentioned as a classic example of irregular dense connective tissue?

A. Papillary layer of the dermis 
B. Reticular layer of the dermis 
C. Wharton’s jelly 
D. Tendon 
E. Adipose tissue
A

B

62
Q

What is the CT that covers organs called?

A

Mesothelium

63
Q

Collagen is what percent of the human body’s dry weight?

A

30%

64
Q

Which collagen type is most abundant and has a widespread distribution?

A

Type I

65
Q

Which collagen type constitutes the basal lamina?

A

Type IV

66
Q

Marfan syndrome involves a defect in which CT fiber?

A

Elastic fibers

67
Q

Which type of collagen is called interstitial collagen?

A. type I
B. type V
C. type XII
D. type X

A

A

68
Q

Which glycoaminoglycan of Connective Tissue Proper (CTP) matrix is easily destroyed by virulent bacterial strains?

A. chondroitin sulfate
B. heparan sulfate
C. hyaluronic acid
D. dermatan sulfate

A

C

69
Q

What is the unique compound found in elastin of elastic fibers?

A. isodesmosine
B. proline
C. hydroxyproline
D. leucine

A

A

70
Q

Which of the following cells of the Connective Tissue Proper (CTP) is a fixed cell?

A. fibroblast
B. monocyte
C. elicited macrophage
D. lymphocyte

A

A

71
Q

Which of the following tissues is a classic example of irregular dense connective tissue?

A. tendon
B. reticular dermis
C. liver CT
D. All of the Above

A

B

72
Q

The process by which RBCs insinuate themselves through the walls of capillaries between endothelial cells is:

A. opsonization
B. phagocytosis
C. diapedesis
D. chemotaxis

A

C

73
Q

These cells are key constituents of the immune system:

A. Neutrophils
B. Lymphocytes
C. Eosinophils
D. Plasma cells

A

B

74
Q

The average lifespan of an erythrocyte is

A. 30 days
B. 60 days
C. 120 days
D. 160 days

A

C

75
Q

All of the following leukocytes recirculate after encountering the target cells, EXCEPT

A. neutrophils
B. B lymphocytes
C. Helper T cells
D. Cytotoxic T cells

A

A

76
Q

All of the following cells are seen in the bone marrow,
EXCEPT

A. natural killer cells
B. plasma cells
C. B lymphocytes
D. neutrophils

A

B

77
Q

All of the ff are antigen presenting cell, EXCEPT

A. T lymphocytes
B. B lymphocytes
C. macrophage
D. Langerhan’s cells

A

A

78
Q

What best describes holocrine secretion?

a) sebaceous
b) endocrine
c) involves little or no change in cytoplasm
d) all of the above
e) none of the above

A

A

79
Q

Which of the following components does not refer to the basal lamina?

a) Laminin
b) Proteoglycan
c) Type IV collagen
d) Type III collagen
e) All of the above

A

D

80
Q

Which statement describes elastic fibers?

a. Most abundant fibrillar component of CT
b. Easily seen with routine stain
c. Forms interconnecting network of thin fibers
d. Responsible for tensile strength of CT

A

c

81
Q

Which of the following is due to the high water content of
ground substance?

a. Prevention of spread of bacteria
b. Easy diffusion of nutrients and metabolites
c. Metachromatic property
d. Increased viscosity

A

b

82
Q

Which amino acid is unique to collagen fibers?

a. Proline
b. Desmosine
c. Hydroxydesmosine
d. Hydroxyproline

A

d

83
Q

Which is true for Type I collagen?

a. Found in cartilage
b. Form networks composed of long thin fibers
c. Produced solely by fibroblasts
d. Made of tropocollagen molecules

A

c

84
Q

Which is rarely found in the normal loose connective tissue underlying respiratory and intestinal mucosa?

a. Eosinophil
b. Neutrophil
c. Plasma cell
d. Lymphocyte

A

b

85
Q

Which statement is true for mast cells?

a. They are similar in structure and function to lymphocytes.
b. The metachromatic property of their granules is due to
the presence of histamine.
c. They are usually found around blood vessels.
d. They are important antigen-presenting cells in the immune response.

A

c

86
Q

Where can you find loose connective tissue?

a. Capsules of organs
b. Tendons and ligaments
c. Lamina propria of respiratory mucosa
d. Umbilical cord

A

c

87
Q

Which component makes mast cells stain metachromatically?

A

Heparin

Histology (3 decks)

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