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Anatomy > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Organization of Life smallest to largest:

A

atoms - Molecules -Macromolecules-Organelles-Cells-Tissues-Organs-Organ Systems- Organism

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2
Q

What is a tissue?

A

group of similar cells and cell products, that work together to perform a specific structural or physiological function

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3
Q

4 types of tissue:

A

Epithelium
Connective
nervous
muscle

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4
Q

Epithelium

A

covers surfaces internal and external

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5
Q

Connective

A

connects, most abundant tissue of our bodies

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6
Q

Nervous

A

CNS and PNS→ communication

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7
Q

Muscle ( 3 types)

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

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8
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

voluntary and striated

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9
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary and striated

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10
Q

Smooth muscle

A

involuntary and non-striated

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11
Q

Epithelium

A

covers surfaces internal and external

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12
Q

Major functions of Epithelium

A

Protection—skin and mucus membranes
Absorption—small intestine (nutrients)
Filtration—kidneys→ renal corpuscle—glomerulus (wastes and excess substances)
Secretion—glands (hormones and enzymes)
Sensory reception

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13
Q

Characteristics of Epithelium

A

Fit closely together and form tight junctions
Apical (top) surface which is free
Attached to a basement membrane (basal lamina & reticular lamina)
Avascular but have good regeneration, depend on underlying connective tissue

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14
Q

Simple

A

1 layer of cells

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15
Q

stratified

A

more than 1 layer of cells

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16
Q

psuedostratified

A

falsely stratified

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17
Q

Squamous

A

flat or disc like

18
Q

Cuboidal

A

square or cube like (big round nucleus)

19
Q

Columnar

A

tall or column-like (oblong nucleus)

20
Q

Transitional

A

changes (cuboidal-like→ squamous-like)

21
Q

Cilia

A

movement of material
(mucus)

22
Q

Microvilli

A

increases surface area

23
Q

Goblet cells

A

secretes mucus

24
Q

Epithelial Membranes

A

Mucosal Membranes (lines digestive-respiratory-reproductive-urinary tracts)
Serous Membranes (visceral and parietal layer; pleura-pericardium-peritoneal)
Cutaneous Membranes (skin)
Synovial Membranes (synovial joints)

25
Q

Endothelium

A

lines blood vessels and heart

26
Q

Mesothelium

A

found in serous membranes

27
Q

Endocrine glands

A

secrete hormones into the blood stream

28
Q

Exocrine glands

A

secrete products through ducts onto a surface or into a lumen

29
Q

Functional classes of exocrine glands

A

Merocrine Apocrine Holocrine

30
Q

Merocrine

A

(most; exocytosis- salivary glands-pancreas)

31
Q

Apocrine

A

(top part of cell pinches off; mammary gland cells-breast milk)

32
Q

Holocrine

A

(entire cell ruptures-sebaceous gland of skin)

33
Q

Germ Layers:

A

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm.

34
Q

Ectoderm

A

skin and nervous tissue

35
Q

Mesoderm

A

muscle, bone and cartilage

36
Q

Endoderm

A

respiratory tract, digestive tract and bladder

37
Q

Tight Junctions

A

seal off passageways (stomach—intestines—bladder

38
Q

Gap Junctions

A

electrical junctions allow the rapid movement of ions (cardiac muscle)

39
Q

What is the difference between the Parenchyma and the Stroma of a tissue?

A

Parenchyma:

Essential, functional part of a tissue or organ
Composed of metabolically active cells
Performs specific functions such as photosynthesis or secretion
Loosely packed with thin cell walls
Dispersed throughout the tissue or organ
Stroma:

Supportive framework or connective tissue
Provides structural support to parenchymal cells
Maintains overall tissue or organ architecture
Consists of specialized cells and extracellular matrix
Surrounds and supports parenchymal cells

40
Q

Function and location of cells

A

simple Squamous
Function—diffusion and filtration
Location—glomerulus, alveoli and lines blood vessels and heart

Simple Cuboidal
Function—secretion and absorption
Location—kidney tubule, glands and ovary surface

Simple Columnar (without microvilli—stomach)
Simple Columnar with microvilli
Function—absorption and secretion
Location—small and large intestine

Simple Columnar with cilia
Function—propels mucus or cells
Location—fallopian tubes

Stratified Squamous

Stratified Squamous Keratinized
Function—protection
Location—epidermis

Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized
Function—protection
Location—mouth, anal canal and vaginal canal

Stratified Cuboidal
Function—protection and limited secretion
Location—large ducts of sweat glands and mammary glands

Pseudostratified Columnar with cilia
Function—secretion of substances (mucus) and propulsion of substances (mucus)
Location—trachea

Transitional Epithelium
Function—stretches and distends
Location—urinary bladder and ureters

Anatomy (5 decks)

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