Epithelial tissue

Question 1

CHARACTERISTICS AND EMBRYONIC ORIGIN OF
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
clue: CAED

Answer 1

CHARACTERISED BY HIGH CELLULARITY
* AVASCULAR
* EXHIBIT POLARITY
* DERIVED FROM EMBRYONIC GERM LAYERS

Question 2

EPITHELIA THE COVERS THE EXTERNAL SURFACES
(outside the body)
clue: also starts with the letter E

Answer 2

Ectoderm

Question 3

EPITHELIA OF THE HEART, BLOOD, LYMPH VESSELS, SEROUS CAVITIES, URINARY SYSTEM, MALE AND
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS

clue: BLUSH FM -
b- blood
l- lymph
u- urinary system
s- serous cavities
h- heart

female- female reproductive systems
m- male

Answer 3

Mesoderm

Question 4

EPITHELIA THE OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT, LIVER, PANCREAS, RESPIRATORY TRACT, URINARY BLADDER,
URETHRA

clue: everything here is inside the body
ENDO means inside

Answer 4

ENDODERM

Question 5

AMORPHOUS EXTRACELLULAR MATERIAL
* MIXTURE OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF GLYCOPROTEINS, COLLAGENS, AND
PROTEOGLYCANS
* 20-100nm THICK
* PRODUCED BY THE EPITHELIAL CELLS

Answer 5

BASAL LAMINA

Question 6

LAYER OF EXTRACELLULAR MATERIAL BETWEEN BASAL LAMINA AND THE
UNDERLYING TISSUE.
* THICKER THAN THE BASAL LAMINA
* 200-500nm THICK
* PRODUCED BY FIBROBLASTS THAT FORM THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES

Answer 6

LAMINA FIBRORETICULARIS

Question 7

BASAL LAMINA AND LAMINA FIBRORETICULARIS ARE COLLECTIVELY CALLED

Answer 7

BASEMENT MEMBRANE

Question 8

SINGLE LAYER OF FLATTENED CELLS
* NUCLEUS OCCUPIES THE THICKEST PART OF THE CELLS
* THE SURFACE EXHIBITS IRREGULAR POLYGONAL OUTLINES
* LINES THE LUNG ALVEOLI, BOWMAN’S CAPSULE

clue : flat- squamous

Answer 8

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

Question 9

EPITHELIUM THAT LINES THE SEROUS CAVITIES
(PERICARDIUM, PERITONIUM, PLEURA)

Answer 9

MESOTHELIUM-

Question 10

EPITHELIUM THAT LINES THE LUMINAR SURFACE OF THE HEART, BLOOD, AND LYMPH VESSELS

Answer 10

ENDOTHELIUM-

Question 11

SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS WHOSE HEIGHT APPROXIMATES THEIR
WIDTH (SQUARE)
* NUCLEI ARE ROUND AND CENTERED
* THE TOP VIEW SHOWS A POLYHEDRAL OUTLINE
* LINES CERTAIN PARTS OF THE SALIVARY GLAND DUCTS,
PANCREAS, TUBULES OF THE KIDNEY, ETC.

Answer 11

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

Question 12

SINGLE LAYER OF TALL CELLS
* NUCLEI OF THE CELLS FORM ROWS
* OVAL, MORE BASAL THAN APICAL IN LOCATION
* LONG AXES LIE PARALLEL
* LINES THE STOMACH, INTESTINES AND LARGE DUCTS OF SOME EXOCRINE
GLANDS

Clue: tal like columns

Answer 12

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

Question 13

VARIANT OF SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
MEANS “FALSE STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM”
CONSISTS OF A SINGLE LAYER OF COLUMNAR OR CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
CELLS VARY IN SHAPE, NUCLEI ARE LOCATED IN VARIOUS LEVELS
CELLS CONSTITUTE ONLY ONE LAYER. ALL ARE ATTACHED ON THE BASAL
LAMINA

Answer 13

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

Question 14

1. LINES THE AIRWAYS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
2. this is also called ___

Answer 14

1. CILIATED PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
2. RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM

Question 15

SHAPE IS FURTHER CLASSIFIED BASED ON THE CELLS IN THEIR

Answer 15

MOST SUPERFICIAL LAYER

Question 16

1. CELLS IN THE MOST SUPERFICIAL LAYER ARE FLAT OR PLAQUE-LIKE, DEEPER LAYERS
   ARE CUBOIDAL OR COLUMNAR.
2. NEW CELLS ARE FORMED IN THE _____ . THE CELLS ON ____ ARE “OLD CELLS”
   PUSHED TO THE SURFACE BY THE NEWLY FORMED ONES.

most superficial layer- flat

Answer 16

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
bottom, top

Question 17

1. DRY” EPITHELIUM
   * DEAD CELLS
   * HAVE NO NUCLEUS AND ORGANELLES
   * WATER-RESISTANT
2. FORMS THE OUTER LAYER OF THE SKIN REFERRED TO AS __

Answer 17

1. – KERATINIZED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
2. EPIDERMIS

Question 18

WET” EPITHELIUM
KEPT MOIST BY THE GLANDULAR SECRETIONS
CELLS IN THE MOST SUPERFICIAL ARE FLATTENED BUT STILL HAVE A
NUCLEUS
LINES THE ORAL CAVITY, ESOPHAGUS, VAGINA, URETHRA, MOST
SUPERFICIAL LATER OF THE CORNEA.

Answer 18

NONKERATINIZED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
EPITHELIUM

Question 19

CONSIST OF 2 OR 3 LAYERS OF CUBOIDAL CELLS
* LINES THE MEDIUM-SIZED DUCTS OF SALIVARY GLANDS

Answer 19

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

Question 20

CONSIST OF AT LEAST 2 LAYERS OF COLUMNAR CELLS. CELLS OF THE DEEPER
LAYER ARE CUBOIDAL.
* LINES LARGE DUCTS OF DOME ORGANS

Answer 20

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

Question 21

TYPE OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM UNIQUE TO MAMMALS
* CHARACTERISTICS ARE IN BETWEEN STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS AND STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIA.
* LINES THE URINARY PASSAGES AND THE URINARY BLADDER
* CAN WITHSTAND STRETCHING

ALSO REFERRED TO AS UROTHELIUM

Answer 21

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

Question 22

SUPERFICIAL CELLS of transitional epithelium is called _____ BULGE
OUT INTO THE LUMEN GIVING THE CELLS A DOME-SHAPE PROFILE

Answer 22

“UMBRELLA CELLS”

Question 23

SUPERFICIAL CELLS GET STRETCHED AND FLATTEN OUT- TRANSFORMING THE
EPITHELIUM INTO

Answer 23

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS.

Question 24

FINGER-LIKE EXTENSIONS OR PROCESSES OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
* FORM A FUZZY FINE VERTICAL LINE ON THE SURFACE OF THE EPITHELIUM
CALLED STRIATED BORDER/ BRUSH BRODER.
* COATED BY THE GLYCOCALYX
* THE CORE IS FORMED BY ACTIN FILAMENTS

THE MAIN FUNCTION IS TO INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA OF THE
EPITHELIUM

clue: fuzzy fine vertical line also called striated boarder or brush border -
SB - M
Starbucks - Mahal : ((

Answer 24

MICROVILLI

Question 25

PRESENT IN THE SURFACES OF CELLS SPECIALIZED FOR THE TRANSPORT OF FLUID OR MUCUS OVER THE SURFACE OF THE EPITHELIUM * ALSO FINGER-LIKE EXTENSIONS * LONGER AND THICKER THAN MICROVILLI * AXONEME (CORE) ARE CONSIST OF MICROTUBULES * THEY ARE MOTILE. CLUE: longer and thicker than microvilli LTM - C

Answer 25

CILIA (KINOCILIA)

Question 26

LIKE CILIA BUT LONGER * SPERMATOZOON IS THE ONLY HUMAN CELL THAT HAS FLAGELLUM (TAIL) * MAIN FUNCTION IS TO PROPEL THE CELL ALONG THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT clue: like cilia but longer- F LC BL - F

Answer 26

FLAGELLA

Question 27

LIKE MICROVILLI BUT ARE AS LONG AS CILIA LIKE MICROVILLI- NONMOTILE, AND THEIR CORES CONSIST OF ACTIN FILAMENT clue: Like microvili but as long as cilia LMBC- S

Answer 27

STEREOCILIA

Question 28

MOST APICALLY SITUATED OF THE JUNCTION COMPLEXES. * LOCATED ON THE LATERAL SURFACE OF EACH CELL BELOW THE FREE SURFACE OF THE CELL. * ALLOWS CELL MEMBRANES TO STICK TOGETHER (W/OUT INTERVENING INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCES)

Answer 28

ZONULA OCCLUDENS

Question 29

LOCATED BELOW THE ZONULA OCCLUDENS * FORM BANDS COMPLETELY ENCIRCLE THE CELL * CELL MEMBRANES ARE VERY CLOSE TO EACH OTHER (NEITHER ADHERE NOR FUSE) AND SEPARATED BY NARROW INTERCELLULAR SPACE THAT BINDS CELL MEMBRANE

Answer 29

ZONULA ADHERENS (ADHERENS JUNCTION; ADHERING BELT; BELT DESMOSOME; BAND DESMOSOME)

Question 30

LOCATED BELOW THE ZONULA ADHERENS. * FORM BUTTON-LIKE ADHESIONS ARRANGED IN A LINE AROUND THE CELL * APPEAR AS THICKENINGS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE * CONSIST OF AN OVOID PROTEIN DISC THAT SPLITS INTO HALVES. * WITHIN THE 2 OPPOSING CELLS, KERATINE FILAMENTS CONVERGE AND INSERT INTO EACH HALF-DIS

Answer 30

DESMOSOMES

Question 31

GAP junction ALLOW CELLS TO EXCHANGE IONS AND SMALL MOLECULES THROUGH TINY TUBES CALLED

Answer 31

Connexons

Question 32

PRESENT IN THE STRATUM BASALE OF THE EPIDERMIS OF THE SKIN HELP ANCHOR THE CELLS TO THE UNDERLYING BASAL LAMINA

Answer 32

HEMIDESMOSOME

Question 33

PRESENT IN THE CELL LININGS ALONG RENAL TUBULE INCREASES THE ABSORBING CAPACITY OF A CELL

Answer 33

BASAL INFOLDING OF PLASMALEMMA

Question 34

SECRETIONS ARE RELEASED ONTO THE SURFACE EPITHELIUM; TRANSPORTS SECRETIONS THROUGH DUCTS Clue: Exo- with ducts

Answer 34

EXOCRINE GLANDS

Question 35

SECRETIONS ARE RELEASED INTO THE BLOOD OR LYMPH; DUCTLESS Clue: Endo- without ducts (ductless)

Answer 35

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Question 36

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES CARRIED BY THE BLOOD TO THE TARGET CELLS/TISSUES THAT HAVE RECEPTORS. ACTS AS A CHEMICAL MESSENGER.

Answer 36

Hormones

Question 37

ANY SURFACE EPITHELIUM, WHERE MOST OF THE CELLS ARE SECRETORY EX * EPENDYMA- LINES THE CHOROID PLEXUSES IN THE BRAIN. PRODUCES CSF

Answer 37

SECRETORY EPITHELIAL SHEET

Question 38

GROUP OF SECRETORY CELLS IN A SURFACE EPITHELIUM THAT GATHER TOGETHER AROUND A SMALL ORIFICE THAT SERVES AS A DUCT * FORMS A SHALLOW INVAGINATION WITHIN THE EPITHELIAL SURFACE * EPITHELIUM THAT LINES THE PENILE URETHRA

Answer 38

INTRAEPITHELIAL GLAND

Question 39

POSSESS TRUE DUCTS * SECRETORY UNITS LIE UNDERNEATH THE EPITHELIUM * SECRETIONS PASS THROUGH A TUBULAR STRUCTURE CALLED A DUCT OR SYSTEM OF DUCTS

Answer 39

EXOCRINE GLANDS WITH DUCTS

Question 40

PRODUCE VISCOUS SECRETIONS THAT CONTAINS MUCIN THAT WHEN HYDRATED BECOMES MUCUS THAT PROTECTS AND LUBRICATES THE EPITHELIA; MUCOUS ALVEOL Clue : Mucin - M

Answer 40

MUCOUS CELLS-

Question 41

- PRODUCE THIN, WATERY SECRETIONS OFTEN CONTAIN EZYMES; SEROUS ALVEOLI

Answer 41

SEROUS CELLS

Question 42

SECRETIONS ARE RELEASED THROUGH EXOCYTOSIS; SALIVARY GLAND AND PANCREAS DOES NOT RESULT IN THE LOSS OF ANY PART OF THE CELL;

Answer 42

MEROCRINE

Question 43

; SEBACEOUS GLAND OF THE SKIN RELEASE OF SECRETION ENTAILS DESTRUCTION OF CELLS

Answer 43

HOLOCRINE

Question 44

; CERUMINOUS GLANDS OF THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS APICAL PART OF THE CELL IS RELEASED TOGETHER WITH THE SECRETORY PRODUCT clue: apical

Answer 44

APOCRINE

Question 45

FLATTENED, STELLATE CELLS FOUND BETWEEN THE EPITHELIAL CELL AND THE BASAL LAMINA. * CONTAIN ACTIN * THEY ARE CONTRACTILE * PRESENT IN THE SWEAT GLANDS, MAMMARY GLANDS, LACRIMAL GLANDS, SALIVARY GLANDS CONTRACTION EJECTS THE SECRETIONS OF THE ACINI INTO THE DUCTS

Answer 45

MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS (BASKET CELLS)