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HISTOLOGY > Epithelial tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial tissue Flashcards

1
Q

CHARACTERISTICS AND EMBRYONIC ORIGIN OF
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
clue: CAED

A

CHARACTERISED BY HIGH CELLULARITY
* AVASCULAR
* EXHIBIT POLARITY
* DERIVED FROM EMBRYONIC GERM LAYERS

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2
Q

EPITHELIA THE COVERS THE EXTERNAL SURFACES
(outside the body)
clue: also starts with the letter E

A

Ectoderm

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3
Q

EPITHELIA OF THE HEART, BLOOD, LYMPH VESSELS, SEROUS CAVITIES, URINARY SYSTEM, MALE AND
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS

clue: BLUSH FM -
b- blood
l- lymph
u- urinary system
s- serous cavities
h- heart

female- female reproductive systems
m- male

A

Mesoderm

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4
Q

EPITHELIA THE OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT, LIVER, PANCREAS, RESPIRATORY TRACT, URINARY BLADDER,
URETHRA

clue: everything here is inside the body
ENDO means inside

A

ENDODERM

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5
Q

AMORPHOUS EXTRACELLULAR MATERIAL
* MIXTURE OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF GLYCOPROTEINS, COLLAGENS, AND
PROTEOGLYCANS
* 20-100nm THICK
* PRODUCED BY THE EPITHELIAL CELLS

A

BASAL LAMINA

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6
Q

LAYER OF EXTRACELLULAR MATERIAL BETWEEN BASAL LAMINA AND THE
UNDERLYING TISSUE.
* THICKER THAN THE BASAL LAMINA
* 200-500nm THICK
* PRODUCED BY FIBROBLASTS THAT FORM THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES

A

LAMINA FIBRORETICULARIS

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7
Q

BASAL LAMINA AND LAMINA FIBRORETICULARIS ARE COLLECTIVELY CALLED

A

BASEMENT MEMBRANE

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8
Q

SINGLE LAYER OF FLATTENED CELLS
* NUCLEUS OCCUPIES THE THICKEST PART OF THE CELLS
* THE SURFACE EXHIBITS IRREGULAR POLYGONAL OUTLINES
* LINES THE LUNG ALVEOLI, BOWMAN’S CAPSULE

clue : flat- squamous

A

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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9
Q

EPITHELIUM THAT LINES THE SEROUS CAVITIES
(PERICARDIUM, PERITONIUM, PLEURA)

A

MESOTHELIUM-

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10
Q

EPITHELIUM THAT LINES THE LUMINAR SURFACE OF THE HEART, BLOOD, AND LYMPH VESSELS

A

ENDOTHELIUM-

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11
Q

SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS WHOSE HEIGHT APPROXIMATES THEIR
WIDTH (SQUARE)
* NUCLEI ARE ROUND AND CENTERED
* THE TOP VIEW SHOWS A POLYHEDRAL OUTLINE
* LINES CERTAIN PARTS OF THE SALIVARY GLAND DUCTS,
PANCREAS, TUBULES OF THE KIDNEY, ETC.

A

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

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12
Q

SINGLE LAYER OF TALL CELLS
* NUCLEI OF THE CELLS FORM ROWS
* OVAL, MORE BASAL THAN APICAL IN LOCATION
* LONG AXES LIE PARALLEL
* LINES THE STOMACH, INTESTINES AND LARGE DUCTS OF SOME EXOCRINE
GLANDS

Clue: tal like columns

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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13
Q

VARIANT OF SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
MEANS “FALSE STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM”
CONSISTS OF A SINGLE LAYER OF COLUMNAR OR CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
CELLS VARY IN SHAPE, NUCLEI ARE LOCATED IN VARIOUS LEVELS
CELLS CONSTITUTE ONLY ONE LAYER. ALL ARE ATTACHED ON THE BASAL
LAMINA

A

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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14
Q
  1. LINES THE AIRWAYS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
  2. this is also called ___
A
  1. CILIATED PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
  2. RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM
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15
Q

SHAPE IS FURTHER CLASSIFIED BASED ON THE CELLS IN THEIR

A

MOST SUPERFICIAL LAYER

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16
Q
  1. CELLS IN THE MOST SUPERFICIAL LAYER ARE FLAT OR PLAQUE-LIKE, DEEPER LAYERS
    ARE CUBOIDAL OR COLUMNAR.
  2. NEW CELLS ARE FORMED IN THE _____ . THE CELLS ON ____ ARE “OLD CELLS”
    PUSHED TO THE SURFACE BY THE NEWLY FORMED ONES.

most superficial layer- flat

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
bottom, top

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17
Q
  1. DRY” EPITHELIUM
    * DEAD CELLS
    * HAVE NO NUCLEUS AND ORGANELLES
    * WATER-RESISTANT
  2. FORMS THE OUTER LAYER OF THE SKIN REFERRED TO AS __
A
  1. – KERATINIZED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
  2. EPIDERMIS
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18
Q

WET” EPITHELIUM
KEPT MOIST BY THE GLANDULAR SECRETIONS
CELLS IN THE MOST SUPERFICIAL ARE FLATTENED BUT STILL HAVE A
NUCLEUS
LINES THE ORAL CAVITY, ESOPHAGUS, VAGINA, URETHRA, MOST
SUPERFICIAL LATER OF THE CORNEA.

A

NONKERATINIZED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
EPITHELIUM

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19
Q

CONSIST OF 2 OR 3 LAYERS OF CUBOIDAL CELLS
* LINES THE MEDIUM-SIZED DUCTS OF SALIVARY GLANDS

A

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

20
Q

CONSIST OF AT LEAST 2 LAYERS OF COLUMNAR CELLS. CELLS OF THE DEEPER
LAYER ARE CUBOIDAL.
* LINES LARGE DUCTS OF DOME ORGANS

A

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

21
Q

TYPE OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM UNIQUE TO MAMMALS
* CHARACTERISTICS ARE IN BETWEEN STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS AND STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIA.
* LINES THE URINARY PASSAGES AND THE URINARY BLADDER
* CAN WITHSTAND STRETCHING

ALSO REFERRED TO AS UROTHELIUM

A

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

22
Q

SUPERFICIAL CELLS of transitional epithelium is called _____ BULGE
OUT INTO THE LUMEN GIVING THE CELLS A DOME-SHAPE PROFILE

A

“UMBRELLA CELLS”

23
Q

SUPERFICIAL CELLS GET STRETCHED AND FLATTEN OUT- TRANSFORMING THE
EPITHELIUM INTO

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS.

24
Q

FINGER-LIKE EXTENSIONS OR PROCESSES OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
* FORM A FUZZY FINE VERTICAL LINE ON THE SURFACE OF THE EPITHELIUM
CALLED STRIATED BORDER/ BRUSH BRODER.
* COATED BY THE GLYCOCALYX
* THE CORE IS FORMED BY ACTIN FILAMENTS

THE MAIN FUNCTION IS TO INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA OF THE
EPITHELIUM

clue: fuzzy fine vertical line also called striated boarder or brush border -
SB - M
Starbucks - Mahal : ((

A

MICROVILLI

25
Q

PRESENT IN THE SURFACES OF CELLS SPECIALIZED FOR THE
TRANSPORT OF FLUID OR MUCUS OVER THE SURFACE OF THE
EPITHELIUM

  • ALSO FINGER-LIKE EXTENSIONS
  • LONGER AND THICKER THAN MICROVILLI
  • AXONEME (CORE) ARE CONSIST OF MICROTUBULES
  • THEY ARE MOTILE.

CLUE: longer and thicker than microvilli
LTM - C

A

CILIA (KINOCILIA)

26
Q

LIKE CILIA BUT LONGER
* SPERMATOZOON IS THE ONLY HUMAN CELL THAT HAS
FLAGELLUM (TAIL)
* MAIN FUNCTION IS TO PROPEL THE CELL ALONG THE FEMALE
GENITAL TRACT

clue: like cilia but longer- F
LC BL - F

A

FLAGELLA

27
Q

LIKE MICROVILLI BUT ARE AS LONG AS CILIA
LIKE MICROVILLI- NONMOTILE, AND THEIR CORES CONSIST OF ACTIN FILAMENT

clue: Like microvili but as long as cilia
LMBC- S

A

STEREOCILIA

28
Q

MOST APICALLY SITUATED OF THE JUNCTION COMPLEXES.
* LOCATED ON THE LATERAL SURFACE OF EACH CELL BELOW THE FREE SURFACE
OF THE CELL.
* ALLOWS CELL MEMBRANES TO STICK TOGETHER (W/OUT INTERVENING
INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCES)

A

ZONULA OCCLUDENS

29
Q

LOCATED BELOW THE ZONULA OCCLUDENS
* FORM BANDS COMPLETELY ENCIRCLE THE CELL
* CELL MEMBRANES ARE VERY CLOSE TO EACH OTHER (NEITHER ADHERE NOR
FUSE) AND SEPARATED BY NARROW INTERCELLULAR SPACE THAT BINDS CELL
MEMBRANE

A

ZONULA ADHERENS (ADHERENS JUNCTION; ADHERING
BELT; BELT DESMOSOME; BAND DESMOSOME)

30
Q

LOCATED BELOW THE ZONULA ADHERENS.
* FORM BUTTON-LIKE ADHESIONS ARRANGED IN A LINE AROUND THE CELL
* APPEAR AS THICKENINGS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE
* CONSIST OF AN OVOID PROTEIN DISC THAT SPLITS INTO HALVES.
* WITHIN THE 2 OPPOSING CELLS, KERATINE FILAMENTS CONVERGE AND
INSERT INTO EACH HALF-DIS

A

DESMOSOMES

31
Q

GAP junction ALLOW CELLS TO EXCHANGE IONS AND SMALL MOLECULES THROUGH TINY
TUBES CALLED

A

Connexons

32
Q

PRESENT IN THE STRATUM BASALE OF THE EPIDERMIS OF THE SKIN

HELP ANCHOR THE CELLS TO THE UNDERLYING BASAL LAMINA

A

HEMIDESMOSOME

33
Q

PRESENT IN THE CELL LININGS ALONG RENAL TUBULE

INCREASES THE ABSORBING CAPACITY OF A CELL

A

BASAL INFOLDING OF PLASMALEMMA

34
Q

SECRETIONS ARE RELEASED ONTO THE SURFACE
EPITHELIUM; TRANSPORTS SECRETIONS THROUGH DUCTS

Clue: Exo- with ducts

A

EXOCRINE GLANDS

35
Q

SECRETIONS ARE RELEASED INTO THE BLOOD OR
LYMPH; DUCTLESS

Clue: Endo- without ducts (ductless)

A

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

36
Q

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES CARRIED BY THE
BLOOD TO THE TARGET CELLS/TISSUES THAT HAVE RECEPTORS.
ACTS
AS A CHEMICAL MESSENGER.

A

Hormones

37
Q

ANY SURFACE EPITHELIUM, WHERE MOST OF THE CELLS ARE SECRETORY
EX
* EPENDYMA- LINES THE CHOROID PLEXUSES IN THE BRAIN. PRODUCES
CSF

A

SECRETORY EPITHELIAL SHEET

38
Q

GROUP OF SECRETORY CELLS IN A SURFACE EPITHELIUM THAT GATHER
TOGETHER AROUND A SMALL ORIFICE THAT SERVES AS A DUCT
* FORMS A SHALLOW INVAGINATION WITHIN THE EPITHELIAL SURFACE
* EPITHELIUM THAT LINES THE PENILE URETHRA

A

INTRAEPITHELIAL GLAND

39
Q

POSSESS TRUE DUCTS
* SECRETORY UNITS LIE UNDERNEATH THE EPITHELIUM
* SECRETIONS PASS THROUGH A TUBULAR STRUCTURE CALLED A
DUCT OR SYSTEM OF DUCTS

A

EXOCRINE GLANDS WITH DUCTS

40
Q

PRODUCE VISCOUS SECRETIONS
THAT CONTAINS MUCIN THAT
WHEN HYDRATED BECOMES MUCUS THAT PROTECTS AND LUBRICATES THE
EPITHELIA; MUCOUS ALVEOL

Clue : Mucin - M

A

MUCOUS CELLS-

41
Q
  • PRODUCE THIN, WATERY SECRETIONS OFTEN CONTAIN EZYMES;
    SEROUS ALVEOLI
A

SEROUS CELLS

42
Q

SECRETIONS ARE RELEASED THROUGH EXOCYTOSIS;
SALIVARY GLAND AND PANCREAS

DOES NOT
RESULT IN THE LOSS OF ANY PART OF THE CELL;

A

MEROCRINE

43
Q

; SEBACEOUS GLAND OF THE SKIN
RELEASE OF SECRETION ENTAILS DESTRUCTION OF CELLS

A

HOLOCRINE

44
Q

; CERUMINOUS GLANDS OF THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS

APICAL PART OF THE CELL IS RELEASED TOGETHER WITH THE
SECRETORY PRODUCT

clue: apical

A

APOCRINE

45
Q

FLATTENED, STELLATE CELLS FOUND BETWEEN THE EPITHELIAL
CELL AND THE BASAL LAMINA.
* CONTAIN ACTIN
* THEY ARE CONTRACTILE
* PRESENT IN THE SWEAT GLANDS, MAMMARY GLANDS,
LACRIMAL GLANDS, SALIVARY GLANDS

CONTRACTION EJECTS THE SECRETIONS OF THE ACINI INTO THE
DUCTS

A

MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS (BASKET CELLS)

HISTOLOGY (3 decks)

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