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HISTOLOGY > Connective tissue > Flashcards

Connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

COMPOSED OF CELLS AND AN EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX
* RELATIVELY LESS CELLULARITY THAN OTHER TYPES OF BASIC TISSUES
* CHARACTERIZED BY AN ABUNDANCE OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX
* CELLS ARE NOT BOUND TO EACH OTHER; SCATTERED INDIVIDUALLY IN THE
EXTRACELLULAR SUBSTANCE

clue: kabaliktaran sya ng epithelial ito ay less cellularity

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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2
Q
  1. ALL CONNECTIVE TISSUE ARE DERIVED FROM ____
  2. EXCEPT FOR SOME
    CONNECTIVE TISSUES FOUND IN THE HEAD THAT ARE DERIVED FROM ___
A
  1. MESODERM;
  2. ECTODERM
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3
Q

FORM THE SUPPORTING FRAMEWORK “STROMA” OF TISSUES AND ORGANS
* ENVELOPES MUSCLES
* ACTS AS AN AVENUE FOR THE PASSAGE OF BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES INTO AND FROM THE
INTERIOR ORGANS AND OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY
* SERVES AS AN AVENUE FOR THE EXCHANGE OF GASES AND SUBSTANCES BETWEEN BLOOD
AND OTHER BASIC TISSUES
* PROVIDES ARENA AS WELL AS THE CELLS THAT ARE NEEDED TO DEFEND THE BODY AGAINST
INVADING ORGANISMS AND OTHER HARMFUL SUBSTANCES

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER

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4
Q
  1. AMORPHOUS, HOMOGENOUS, TRANSPARENT, AND HYDRATED GEL
    * CONSISTS MAINLY OF WATER, STABILIZED BY PROTEOGLYCANS, HYALURONIC
    ACID, MINERAL SALTS, AND GLYCOPROTEIN
  2. ARE THE MAIN CONSTITUENTS, RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
    GELATINOUS CHARACTER OF THE GROUND SUBSTANCE
A
  1. GROUND SUBSTANCE
  2. PROTEOGLYCANS
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5
Q

PRSENT IN ALL CONNECTIVE TISSUES IN VARYING AMOUNTS
* MAIN EXTRACELLULAR FIBERS OF THE COLLAGENOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUES (THE MOST
COMMON CONNECTIVE TISSUE TYPE)
* EX: TENDONS; APPEAR WHITE IN FRESH TISSUE
* APPEARS PINK (ACIDIC) IN H&E PREPARATION
* MADE UP OF COLLAGEN, THE MOST ABUNDANT PROTEIN IN THE BODY

tandaan mo yung mga kulay
pink pag H and E
white pag fresh

A

COLLAGEN FIBERS

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6
Q

COLLAGEN FIBERS ARE MADE UP OF what type of COLLAGEN

A

COLLAGEN TYPE I

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7
Q

HAVE A TENSILE STRENGTH GREATER THAN STEEL, SLIGHTLY FLEXIBLE
BUT INELASTIC

A

COLLAGEN FIBERS

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8
Q

PRODUCE AND SYNTHESIZE THE MOLECULAR
PRECURSOR OF COLLAGEN FIBER, PROCOLLAGEN

A

FIBROBLAST AND MESENCHYMAL CELLS

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9
Q

formation of collagen fibers

A

THREE (3) PROCOLLAGEN MOLECULES — TROPOCOLLAGEN MOLECULES—–
MICROFIBRILS (COLLAGEN MICROFIBRILS)—
COLLAGEN FIBRILS (COLLAGEN MACROFIBRILS)—
COLLAGEN FIBER

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10
Q
  1. IMPART YELLOW COLOR IN FRESH TISSUE
    * REMAINS UNSTAINED IN H&E PREPARATION
    * THE CORE IS MADE UP OF ELASTIN, A HIGHLY INSOLUBLE PROTEIN RESPONSIBLE FOR
    THE ELASTICITY OF THE ELASTIC FIBERS. IT IS ALSO RESISTANT TO BOILING AND
  2. HYDROLYSIS OF ACIDS BUT CAN BE HYDOLYZED BY ____ FOUND IN THE PANCREAS.
    * ELASTIC FIBERS FORM THE ELASTIC SHEETS (ELASTIC LAMELLAE) SEEN IN THE WALLS OF
    LARGE AND MEDIUM-SIZED ARTERIES.

color ulit tandaan
yellow in fresh
unstained in H & E

A

1.ELASTIC FIBERS
2. elastase

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11
Q

ALSO FOUND IN THE LIGAMENTA FLAVA OF THE VERTEBRAE
* ABUNDANT IN THE EXTRACELLULAR SPACES OF THE ELASTIC CARTILAGES THAT FORM THE
AURICLE AND EXTERNAL MEATUS OF THE EAR, EXTERNAL NOSE, AUDITORY TUBE,
EPIGLOTTIS.

A

ELASTIC FIBERS

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12
Q

HAVE LESS TENSILE STRENGTH THAN COLLAGEN FIBERS BUT ARE VERY FLEXIBLE.
* CAN STRETCH UP TO TWICE THE ORIGINAL LENGTH AND CAN RECOIL BACK

A

ELASTIC FIBERS

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13
Q

FORMATION OF ELASTIC FIBERS (ELASTOGENESIS)

A
  1. MEANWHILE THE SAME CELLS ALSO PRODUCE THE PRECURSOR PROTEIN OF ELASTIN
    CALLED TROPOELASTIN INTO THE EXTRACELLULAR SPACE WHERE THE LATTER
    POLIMERIZES INTO ELASTIN.
  2. ELASTIN THEN IS INCORPORATED INTO THE OUTER ASPECT OF MICROFIBRIL BUNDLES.
  3. MORE AND MORE ELASTIN AND MICROFIBRILS ARE INCORPORATED INTO EACH OTHER.
  4. SUBSEQUENTLY, THEY ARE REARRANGED IN A MANNER WHERE ELASTIN GETS TO
    OCCUPY THE CORE, AND THE MICROFIBRILS OCCUPY THE PERIMETER
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14
Q

FORMS EXTENSIVE NETWORKS
* THEY ALSO REACT POSITIVELY
TO PAS (PERIODIC ACID-SCHIFF REAGENT)
MAIN EXTRACELLULAR FIBERS OF RETICULAR TISSUE
* COMPRISE THE FIBRILLAR COMPONENT OF THE LAMINA FIBRORETICULARIS OF THE
BASEMENT MEMBRANE OF EPITHELIAL TISSUES

THEY ARE NOT DISTINGUISHABLE FROM ORDINARY COLLAGEN FIBERS IN H&E
PREPARATIONS, BUT THEY STAIN BLACK WHEN IMPREGNATED WITH SILVER SALTS. THAT
IS WHY THEY ARE REFERRED TO AS ARGYROPHILIC FIBERS.

A

RETICULAR FIBERS (Reticulin Fibers)

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15
Q

RETICULAR FIBERS ARE FORMED IN A SIMILAR MANNER AS COLLAGEN FIBERS HOWEVER, THE PRECURSORS
OF RETICULAR FIBERS ARE SYNTHESIZED AND EXCRETED BY SPECIALIZED FIBROBLASTS
CALLED

A

RETICULAR CELLS

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16
Q

RETICULAR FIBERS (Reticulin Fibers) ALSO MADE UP OF

A

COLLAGEN TYPE III

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17
Q

CELLS THAT STAY PERMANENTLY IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE
* MESENCHYMAL CELLS,
* FIBROBLASTS AND FIBROCYTES,
* RETICULAR CELLS
* ADIPOSE CELLS
* MAST CELLS
* RESIDENT MACROPHAGES

A

RESIDENT CELLS

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17
Q

CELLS THAT STAY PERMANENTLY IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE
* MESENCHYMAL CELLS,
* FIBROBLASTS AND FIBROCYTES,
* RETICULAR CELLS
* ADIPOSE CELLS
* MAST CELLS
* RESIDENT MACROPHAGES

Resident: RAMRFM

A

RESIDENT CELLS

18
Q

CELLS THAT ARE TRANSIENT IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE
* INFLAMMATORY MACROPHAGES
* PLASMA CELLS
* LEUKOCYTES (WHITE BLOOD CELLS; WBCS

A

VISITING CELLS

19
Q

multipotential stem cells that have differentiated from pluripotential cells
* Mesenchymal cells are the stem cells of most connective tissue cells (i.e.,
fibroblasts and fibrocytes, reticular cells, and adipose cells) as well as bone,
cartilage, and muscle cells.
* cells abound in the embryo and in the umbilical cord. However, they are rare in
adults, but some exist, especially in the bone marrow and connective tissues near
capillaries

A

MESENCHYMAL CELLS

20
Q

ARE THE MOST ABUNDANT CELLS IN MOST CONNECTIVE TISSUES
* RESPONSIBLE FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING MOST OF THE EXTRACELLULAR
COMPONENTS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
* SYNTHESIZE THE ORGANIC COMPONENTS I.E, PROTEINS, GLYCOPROTEINS, AND
GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS) OF THE GROUND SUBSTANCE OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE MATRIX,
AS WELL AS THE PRECURSORS OF COLLAGEN AND ELASTIC FIBERS

A

FIBROBLASTS

21
Q

FIBROBLASTS THAT ARE IDLE OR RESTING (NOT ACTIVELY SYNTHESIZING CONNECTIVE TISSUE
ELEMENTS
* BECOMES ACTIVE DURING WOUND HEALING

A

FIBROCYTES

22
Q

SPECIALIZED FIBROBLAST:
PRODUCES RETICULAR FIBERS

A

RETICULAR CELLS

23
Q

FIBROBLASTS THAT ARE SPECIALIZED TO SYNTHESIZE THE PRECURSORS OF TYPE III
COLLAGEN THAT MAKE UP RETICULAR FIBER
* NUMEROUS IN RETICULAR TISSUE

A

RETICULAR CELLS

24
Q

SPECIALIZED TO STORE LIPIDS OR FATS, MAINLY TRIGLYCERIDES, IN ITS CYTOPLASM
* PREDOMINANT CELL IN ADIPOSE TISSUE

ALSO CALLED SIGNET RING CELLS DUE TO HAVING LARGE EMPTY SPACES AND FLATTENED
NUCLEUS LOCATED ON THE SIDE OF THE CELL.

A

ADIPOSE CELLS (FAT CELLS; ADIPOCYTES)

25
Q

STORES SINGLE LARGE FAT DROPLET

A

WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE-

26
Q

STORES NUMEROUS FAT DROPLETS

A

BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE

27
Q

1.LARGE, OVOID CELLS (15 TO 20 UM) WITH CENTRALLY LOCATED SPHERICAL NUCLEI AND
NUMEROUS CYTOPLASMIC GRANULES.

  1. THE CYTOPLASMIC GRANULES ARE MEMBRANE-BOUND POUCHES THAT CONTAIN A
    VARIETY OF CHEMICAL MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION, NOTABLY, ____ (AN
    ANTICOAGULANT),
  2. ____ - DILATES BLOOD CAPILLARIES AND MAKES THEM
    MORE PERMEABLE, AND STIMULATES SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, ESPECIALLY OF THE
    BRONCHIOLES IN THE RESPIRATORY TRACT AND SOME PROTEASES.
A
  1. MAST CELLS (MASTOCYTES; HISTAMINOCYTES)
  2. HEPARIN
  3. HISTAMINE
28
Q

ARE INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATION AND IMMEDIATE-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION
(ALLERGIC REACTION) WHOSE EXTREME FORM IS ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

A

MAST CELLS (MASTOCYTES; HISTAMINOCYTES)

29
Q

ARE PHAGOCYTES THAT ARE DERIVED FROM MONOCYTES - WHITE BLOOD CELLS THAT
LEAVE THE BLOOD BY CROSSING THE WALL OF VENULES, MIGRATING TO CONNECTIVE
TISSUE

A

MACROPHAGES

30
Q

_____ ARE THOSE THAT INHABIT A GIVEN SITE
_____ ARE THOSE WHICH, IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS,
DIFFERENTIATE FROM MONOCYTES AND MIGRATE TO A SITE

A

RESIDENT MACROPHAGES
INFLAMMATORY MACROPHAGES

31
Q

SLIGHTLY BIGGER THAN A RED BLOOD CELL (RBC).
* STRONGLY BASOPHILIC CYTOPLASM AND AN ECCENTRIC NUCLEUS
* ITS CHROMATIN IS PRESENT IN CLUMPS THAT ARE LOCATED NEAR THE NUCLEAR
MEMBRANE, GIVING THE NUCLEUS A CLOCK-FACE OR CARTWHEEL APPEARANCE.

DIFFERENTIATE FROM WBCS CALLED B LYMPHOCYTES – ANTIBODY-PRODUCING
CELL

A

PLASMA CELLS (PLASMOCYTES)

32
Q
  1. REFER TO THE NUCLEATED CELLS IN BLOOD
    * THERE ARE SEVERAL TYPES OF LEUKOCYTES: NEUTROPHILS, BASOPHILS,
    EOSINOPHILS, MONOCYTES, AND LYMPHOCYTES
  2. MIGRATES THROUGH THE PROCESS OF
A
  1. LEUKOCYTES (WHITE BLOOD CELLS; WBCS)
  2. DIAPEDESIS
33
Q

THE MOST ABUNDANT TYPE OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN THE BODY
* CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN WHICH THE MOST ABUNDANT EXTRACELLULAR FIBER IS
COLLAGEN FIBER (COLLAGEN TYPE I) AND

THE PREDOMINANT CELL TYPE IS THE
FIBROBLAST

A

COLLAGENOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ORDINARY CONNECTIVE TISSUE)

34
Q

IS CHARACTERIZED BY SCANTY INTERCELLULAR GROUND SUBSTANCE IN WHICH AN ABUNDANT
NUMBER OF CLOSELY PACKED COLLAGEN FIBERS AND RELATIVELY FEW CELLS ARE EMBEDDED.

A

DENSE COLLAGENOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE (DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE)

35
Q

IF THE COLLAGEN FIBERS RUN IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS
COMPRISES THE DERMIS OF THE SKIN; THE CAPSULE OF SOME ORGANS LIKE THE LYMPH NODES,
LIVER; SPLEEN, AND TESTES; THE SHEATH OF LARGE NERVES; THE PERIOSTEUM THAT ENVELOPS
BONES; AND DURA MATER.

A

DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

36
Q

IF THE FIBERS ARE ARRANGED IN A DEFINITE PATTERN
MAKES UP TENDONS, LIGAMENTS, AND FIBROUS MEMBRANE

A

DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

37
Q

CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH VASCULARITY AND AN ABUNDANCE OF EXTRACELLULAR
SUBSTANCE WHERE THE RELATIVELY FEW COLLAGENOUS FIBERS ARE ARRANGED
HAPHAZARDLY. IT IS ALSO MORE CELLULAR THAN DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

LOOSE COLLAGENOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE (AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE;
AREOLAR TISSUE; LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE)

38
Q

MORE ABUNDANT IN THE BODY THAN DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE. IT COMPRISES THE
HYPODERMIS (SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE THAT UNDERLIES SKIN, THE TUNICA ADVENTITIA
OF BLOOD VESSELS, AND THE LAMINA PROPRIA AND SUBMUCOSA OF THE DIGESTIVE,
RESPIRATORY, AND UROGENITAL TRACTS

A

LOOSE COLLAGENOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE (AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE;
AREOLAR TISSUE; LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE)

39
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN WHICH THE PREDOMINANT CELLULAR ELEMENT IS THE FAT OR
ADIPOSE CELL.

REPRESENTS THE LARGEST ENERGY STORAGE SITE OF
THE BODY
*

A

ADIPOSE TISSUE

40
Q
  1. STORES NUMEROUS DROPLETS
    PRODUCES HEAT (THERMOGENESIS)
  2. STORES SINGLE LARGE LIPID DROPLET
    ALSO SECRETES LEPTIN HORMONE WHICH SUPPRESES APPETTITE
A
  1. YELLOW (WHITE) ADIPOSE TISSUE
  2. BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE
41
Q

IS A CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN WHICH THE MOST NUMEROUS CELL TYPE AND MOST ABUNDANT
EXTRACELLULAR FIBER ARE THE RETICULAR CELLS AND RETICULAR FIBER, RESPECTIVELY

  • FORMS THE STROMA OR SUPPORTING FRAMEWORK OF THE LIVER, MYELOID
    TISSUE, PANCREAS, AND LYMPHOID TISSUES AND ORGANS, SUCH AS THE LYMPH NODES AND THE
    SPLEEN.
A

RETICULAR TISSUE

42
Q

IS A CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN WHICH THE PRINCIPAL EXTRACELLULAR FIBRILLAR COMPONENT IS THE
ELASTIC FIBER. IN THIS TYPE OF TISSUE, THE ELASTIC FIBERS OFTEN FORM BUNDLES THAT ARE
ARRANGED PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER. IN BETWEEN THE ELASTIC FIBERS ARE A FEW
COLLAGENOUS FIBERS AND FIBROBLASTS- THE PREDOMINANT CELLS

*IS TYPIFIED BY THE LIGAMENTA FLAVA OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND THE
SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT OF THE PENIS

A

ELASTIC TISSUE

43
Q

IS CHARACTERIZED BY AN ABUNDANCE OF AMORPHOUS AND JELLY-LIKE
GROUND SUBSTANCES IN WHICH A SCARCE NUMBER OF COLLAGEN, ELASTIC AND RETICULAR
FIBERS ARE EMBEDDED.
* THE GROUND SUBSTANCE IS MAINLY HYALURONIC ACID. CELLULAR ELEMENTS
ARE FEW AND CONSIST CHIEFLY OF MESENCHYMAL CELLS AND FIBROBLASTS, ALTHOUGH AN
OCCASIONAL MACROPHAGE MAY BE PRESENT.

IS COMMON IN THE EMBRYO, BUT RARE IN ADULTS. IT IS EXEMPLIFIED BY
WHARTON’S JELLY, THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE PRESENT IN THE UMBILICAL CORD.

A

MUCOUS TISSUE

HISTOLOGY (3 decks)

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