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Tissues of the body (4) > Epithelia and Glands > Flashcards

Epithelia and Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four tissue types

A
  • Epithelia
  • Muscle
  • Connective tissue
  • Nerve
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2
Q

What are epithelia

A

Closely appose sheets of cells

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3
Q

What are the three primary germ layers

A
  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
  • endoderm
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4
Q

What does the ectoderm form

A

epidermis

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5
Q

What does the mesoderm form? And what does this line?

A

mesothelium (lines the pericardium, pleurae and peritoneum)

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6
Q

What does the endoderm form?

A

Lining of the GI tract

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7
Q

Where do we find epithelia? And it’s names

A

Epithelia- on surfaces
Endothelium- lining blood vessels
Mesothelium- lining body cavities

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8
Q

Basic characteristics of epithelia

A
  • Entirely cellular
  • Cell polarity
  • specialised contacts between cells
  • Lateral communication between cells
  • basal lamina (basement membrane) separating from underlying tissue
  • Call replacement, often rapid turnover
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9
Q

How are epithelia classified

A
  • Number of cell layers
  • Shape of cells in outermost layer
  • Position of nuclei
  • Transitional
  • Ciliated
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10
Q

How can the number of cell layers be categorized?

A
  • simple

- compound or stratified

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11
Q

How are shapes of cells in outermost layer categorized?

A
  • squamous (flat)
  • cuboidal
  • columnar (longer than wide)
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12
Q

How can position of nuclei be categorized?

A
  • Stratified

- pseudostratified (different nuclei position)

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13
Q

What is compound/stratified epithelia

A

More than one layer

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14
Q

What is transitional epithelia

A

Shape of cells changes according to need

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15
Q

What’s the function of simple epithelia

A

Absorption

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16
Q

Function of stratified epithelia

A

Protective

17
Q

What are other functions of epithelia

A
  • secretion
  • sensory perception
  • Movement of materials
  • Wound repair
18
Q
  • Where are microvilli found
  • Where are they anchored
  • What do they do
A
  • Apical plasma membrane
  • In terminal web
  • Increase surface area
19
Q
  • Where are cilia found

- What do they do

A
  • apical surface

- Transport materials across surface

20
Q

What sort of core do stereocilia have

A

Microfilament core- modified microvilli

21
Q

What do basal infoldings do

A

Increase surface area

22
Q

What are glands derived from

A

Epithelia

23
Q

What are the two types of glands

A

Endocrine

Exocrine

24
Q

How are glands formed

A

1) Cells from surface epithelium grow down into underlying tissue (called epithelial cord or tubule)
2) Then either endocrine or exocrine glands form

25
Q

What are exocrine glands

A

The connecting cells persist to form duct and the deepest cells become secretory

26
Q

What are endocrine glands

A

Connecting cells disappear and the deepest checks remain to secrete into capillaries

27
Q

Types of exocrine ducts

A

Eccrine
Holocrine
Apocrine

28
Q

What do eccrine glands do

A

Involve exocytosis with no loss of cells (e.g. salivary glands)

29
Q

What do holocrine glands do

A

Loss of whole cel during secretion (e.g. sebaceous glands)

30
Q

What do apocrine glands do

A

Loss of apical surface of cells as membrane bounded vesicles (e.g. sweat glands)

31
Q

What do endocrine glands do

A

Secrete directly into blood stream

32
Q

What is the importance of the basement membrane

A

It is a boundary between epithelia, muscle, and nerve and connective tissue
-it is important to control the spread of disease and infection

33
Q

What links basement membrane to sheet of epithelial cells

A

Hemidesmosomes

34
Q

What does the basement membrane consist of

A
  • Basal lamina

- Reticular fibres

35
Q

What is the basement membrane said to be in relation to the ECM

A

condensed layer of ECM

36
Q

Why is basement membrane and the basal lamina considered to be a molecular sieve?

A

Impenetrable barrier but permits the flow of nutrients and metabolites

37
Q

Constituents of basement membrane and basal lamina

A
  • heparan sulphate
  • collagen type 4
  • fibronectin
  • laminin
  • entactin
  • perlecan
38
Q

What do laminin and type 4 collagen attach to

A

hemidesmosomes and integrin receptors

39
Q

What do cancer cells need to cross the basal lamina

A
  • Type 4 collegenase

- Laminin receptors

Tissues of the body (4) (5 decks)

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