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Tissues of the body (4) > Connective tissues and cartilage > Flashcards

Connective tissues and cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What are all connective tissues made of

A
  • Cells
  • Extracellular matrix
  • Extracellular tissue fluid
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2
Q

What is connective tissue like

A

Widely separated cells, with intercellular substance

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3
Q

What does connective tissue consist of

A
  • cells
  • fibres
  • ground substance
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4
Q

What do the properties and function of the connective tissue depend on

A

Proportions and arrangement of matrix

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5
Q

What are cells in connective tissue separated by?

A

ECM

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6
Q

What does the ECM contain

A

blood vessels and nerves

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7
Q

Can cells in connective tissue communicate?

A

yes

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8
Q

What is the rate of turnover of cells in connective tissue

A

Slow turnover

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9
Q

How do cells interact with ECM

A

Adhesion molecules

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10
Q

What is mesenchyme

A

embryonic connective tissue

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11
Q

What cells are derived from mesenchyme

A

Fibroblasts
Adipose cells
Defence cells

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12
Q

What do fibroblasts do

A

Responsible for synthesis and maintenance of ECM

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13
Q

What do adipose cells do

A

Involved in storage plus mechanical effects

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14
Q

What types of defense cells are derived from mesenchyme

A
  • Mast cells
  • Macrophages
  • Other WBC’s
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15
Q

What is the extracellular matrix of connective tissue made of

A

Ground tissue

Fibres

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16
Q

What does the ground substance contain?

A

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG’s)
Proteoglycans
Multiadhesive proteins

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17
Q

What do GAG’s do

A

Hydrophilic so attract water and Na+ and so fill spaces between cells and provide substance to the connective tissue

18
Q

What type of fibers does the extracellular matrix contain

A

Collagen
Elastin
Reticulin (type 3 collagen)

19
Q

What is collagen secreted as

A

Tropocollagen and polymerized extracellularly to form collagen

20
Q

What does elastin do

A

Stretches and recoils

21
Q

What does elastin require for assembly

A

Fibrilin

22
Q

What types of glycoprotein are there

A

Filamentous and non filamentous

23
Q

Types of filamentous glycoproteins

A

Fibrillin

FIbronectin

24
Q

Types of non-filamentous glycoproteins

A

Laminin
Entactin
Tenascin

25
Q

What does dense connective tissue do

  • Where is irregular dense tissue found
  • Where is regular dense tissue found
A

Provide mechanical support

  • Dermis of skin to provide strength in all directions
  • Tendon to provide strength in one direction
26
Q

Where is reticular connective tissue found

A

Around liver or lymphoid tissue

27
Q

Where is adipose tissue found

A

Anywhere

28
Q

How does tissue stretch

A

Both elastin and collagen straighten out but only as far as collagen goes so it means that the elastin doesn’t break

29
Q

Pathway one from mesenchymal cell

A

1) Mesenchymal cell
2) fibroblast
3) GAGs
4) Type 1 and 3 elastin fibers which provide general support
5) Elastic, compressible, tough packing material

30
Q

Pathway two from mesenchymal cell

A

1) Mesenchymal cell
2) Chondroblast
3) GAGs and large proteoglycans
4) Type 2 collagen
5) Hyaline cartilage
6) Turgidity, tensile strength, tough, resists deformation

31
Q

What is cartilage composed of

A

Extracellular matrix

  • ground substance; GAG’s, large proteoglycans complexed with collagen fibers
  • fibres; hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

Cells

  • chondroblasts; from perichondrium and secrete matrix
  • Chondrocytes; maintain matrix
32
Q

Where are chondroblasts from and what do they do

A

perichondrium

-secrete matrix

33
Q

What do chondrocytes do

A

maintain matrix

34
Q

Is the matrix permeable to water?

-what does this mean?

A

yes

-dissolved oxygen and nutrients delivered this way and waste products removed

35
Q

IS cartilage vascular?

-what does this mean?

A

Mainly non-vasular

-relies on diffusion via extracellular fluid

36
Q

How does cartilage grow

A

By interstitial growth and appositional growth

37
Q

What is interstitial growth

What is apositional growth

A
  • with matrix

- on surface

38
Q

What are the types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

39
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found

A

Articular surfaces

Tracheal rings

40
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found

A

Intervertebral discs

Pubic symphysis

41
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found

A

External ear
Auditory canal
Epiglottis

Tissues of the body (4) (5 decks)

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