Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CTO Quiz 1 > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

Four types of tissue

A

Epithelium, connective, muscle, nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

General features of epithelia (3)

A

Tightly packed cells, free surface, basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do epithelial cells get nutrition?

A

Diffusion from connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why are epithelial cells mitotically active?

A

To replace sloughed or damaged cells on apical surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How frequently do you replace dermal cells

A

15-30 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functions of epithelium (5)

A

Protection, absorption, secretion, sensory reception, contractility (in glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Apical processes designed to increase surface area

A

Microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Functions of microvilli

A

Usually absorption, can be secretion or sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Length of microvilli

A

0.5-1 micron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Internal structure of microvilli

A

Actin anchored to villin and terminal web

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Length of cilia

A

2-10 microns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of motile cilia

A

Move materials along surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Locations of motile cilia (4)

A

Respiratory, middle ear, brain ventricles, uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Structure of motile cilia

A

9 doublet + 2 central microtubules, anchored to basal body of 9 triplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cilia motility mechanism

A

Dynein move along adjacent MT’s (requires ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of primary cilia

A

Sensory receptor, molecule transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Structure of primary cilia

A

9 doublets + 0 central MT’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diseases of cilia (2)

A

Polycystic kidney disease, Bardet-Biedl Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Flagella structure

A

Ciliary (9+2) surrounded by mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stereocilia structure

A

Long microvilli, not motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stereocilia locations (2)

A

Epididymis, inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Four types of lateral surface junctions

A

Tight (occludens), adherent, desmosome, gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Structure of tight junction

A

Occludin and claudin, “ziplock” of proteins in ring around cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Functions of tight junction (2)

A

Regulates paracellular pathway, defines domains of plasma membrane

25
Q

“Zona occludens”

A

Tight junction

26
Q

“Zona adherens”

A

Adherent junction

27
Q

Structure of adherent junction

A

Cadherens anchored to actin (terminal web) in ring around cell

28
Q

“Macula adherens”

A

Desmosome

29
Q

Structure of desmosome

A

Cadherens and binding proteins attach to intermediate filaments at single point

30
Q

Function of desmosome

A

Strongest attachment between cells

31
Q

Function of gap junctions

A

Allows passage of small molecules and ions

32
Q

Structure of gap junctions

A

Six transmembrane proteins (connexins) form connexon around central pore

33
Q

Composition of basement membrane

A

Proteoglycans, type 4 collagen, fibronectin, laminin, entactin

34
Q

Functions of basement membrane

A

Limit growth/invasion, scaffolding, diffusion of nutrients and signals

35
Q

Stain needed to see basement membrane

A

PAS

36
Q

Attachments from epithelia to basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions (integrins)

37
Q

Diseases of basement membranes

A

Blisters! Epidermolysis bullosa, bullous pemphigoid

38
Q

Locations of simple squamous epithelium

A

Kidneys, endothelium (vessels), organ mesentary

39
Q

Locations of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Kidney tubules

40
Q

Locations of simple columnar epithelium

A

Bronchi, intestines

41
Q

Appearance of pseudostratified columnar

A

Nuclei at different layers, multiple cell types in simple layer

42
Q

Locations of stratified epithelia (non-keratinized)

A

Esophagus, vagina

43
Q

Locations of keratinized simple squamous

A

Surface skin - any dry, abrasive surface

44
Q

Differences keratinized vs non-keratinized

A

Keratin replaces organelles, presence of nucleus, large amounts of pink-staining keratin

45
Q

Locations of stratified cuboidal epithelia

A

Sweat ducts

46
Q

Locations of stratified columnar

A

Transitional only - ie anus (strat squam to simple columnar)

47
Q

Appearance of urothelium

A

Appears stratified, dome shaped cells, stretches to thin, “squamous” layers

48
Q

Metaplasia

A

Stressed cells can change type, predisposes to carcinomas

49
Q

“Carcinoma”

A

Cancer of epithelial cells, not all cancers (sarcomas, myeloma, etc)

50
Q

Exocrine gland

A

Secretion to surface of epithelium

51
Q

Endocrine gland

A

Secretion to circulatory system

52
Q

Unicellular gland

A

Simplest type, ie goblet cell

53
Q

Goblet cells

A

Unicellular exocrine gland, release mucin to GI and respiratory for lubrication and protection, appears foamy

54
Q

Types of multicellular exocrine glands (8)

A

Simple tubular, branched tubular, coiled tubular, simple acinar, branched acinar, compound tubular, compound acinar, compound tubuloacinar

55
Q

Merocrine secretion

A

Vesicles fuse with membrane, exocytosis (most common, usually proteinaceous or watery, ex salivary, GI, sweat)

56
Q

Apocrine secretion

A

Plasma membrane buds off, contain more lipids (rare, mostly mammary)

57
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

Cell disintegrates, most oily (ie sebaceous glands)

58
Q

Serous secretions

A

Proteins, appear blue on H+E (ribosomes) while vesicles are more pink

59
Q

Mucous secretions

A

Appear foamy unless special stains

CTO Quiz 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions