Connective

Question 0

Structure of ground substance

Answer 0

Hydrated gel, proteoglycans with GAGs bound to hyaluronan

Question 1

Type IV collagen proteins

Answer 1

Laminin and fibronectin

Question 2

Structure of GAG

Answer 2

Glycosaminoglycans - disaccharides covalently bound to core proteoglycan (like bristle brush)

Question 3

Characteristics of loose CT

Answer 3

Lots of cells, lots of ground substance, few fibers, IRREGULAR

Question 4

Characteristics of dense CT

Answer 4

Fewer cells, less ground substance, more fibers, more organization

Question 5

Location of mucous CT

Answer 5

Only in embryonic/fetal in umbilical cord

Question 6

Functions of adipose tissue (5)

Answer 6

Padding, insulation, energy, endocrine (leptin), heat production (brown)

Question 7

White vs brown fat

Answer 7

Unilocular vs multilocular (foamy), brown more vascular, more mitochondria

Question 8

Locations of macrophages

Answer 8

Live in connective tissue - ie kupffer in liver, Langerhans in skin, osteoclasts in bone

Question 9

Development of macrophages

Answer 9

Bone marrow -> blood (monocytes) -> migrate into tissue

Question 10

Types of wandering CT cells

Answer 10

Macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, leukocytes

Question 11

Characteristics of mononuclear and macrophage cells

Answer 11

Phagocytosis, lots of lysosomes, antigen presentation

Question 12

Mast cell physiology

Answer 12

IgE, causes degranulation of metachromatic -> histamine and immune reaction

Question 13

Development of plasma cell

Answer 13

B cell that is activated to produce and antibody

Question 14

Appearance of plasma cell

Answer 14

Nucleus to one side (eccentric), large Golgi and rough ER (basophilic), “clock faced nucleus” dt lots of heterochromatin

Question 15

Origin of CT cells

Answer 15

Mesenchyme (pluripotential cells), most mesoderm but not all

Question 16

Function of fibroblasts

Answer 16

Produce ECM, remodel and repair, not generally active after development

Question 17

Appearance of fibroblasts

Answer 17

Small, dense nucleus, no cytoplasm, surrounded by collagen

Question 18

Active vs inactive fibroblast

Answer 18

Active has cytoplasm, processes, rough ER, is actively producing ECM

Question 19

Type I collagen

Answer 19

Most abundant, visible fibers, dermis, tendons, ECM, bone, ligaments

Question 20

Type II collagen

Answer 20

Cartilage, smaller fibers

Question 21

Type III collagen

Answer 21

Reticular fibers, in organ stroma

Question 22

Type IV collagen

Answer 22

Basement membranes, lacy

Question 23

Formation of collagen

Answer 23

In cell - hydroxylization, glycoslyation, form triple helix (procollagen)
Outside cell - cleavage of peptides (tropocollagen), form into fibrils and fiber

Question 24

Appearance of collagen fibers

Answer 24

Striped due to gaps between molecules

Question 25

Connection of Vitamin C to collagen

Answer 25

Required for hydroxylization and lysine oxidation

Question 26

Diseases of collagen

Answer 26

Ehlers-Danlos, scury, osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 27

Structure of elastin fibers

Answer 27

Elastin surrounded by fibrillin microfibrils

Question 28

Marfan syndrome

Answer 28

Fibrillin deficiency, causes bone and joint stretching, aortic problems, eye problems