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Philosophy > Epistemology > Flashcards

Epistemology Flashcards

0
Q

What is skepticism

A

The practice of questioning the reliability of our knowledge

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1
Q

What is epistemology?

A

The rational study of knowledge

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2
Q

What does cogito ergo sum mean

A

I think therefore I am

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3
Q

Who was Pythagoras

A

A man who travelled east to be educated and then became a teacher of mathematics, astronomy, and music

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4
Q

What is Pythagoras’ idea of the transmigration of souls

A

Basically samsara, we have an endless cycle of deaths and rebirths until we are enlightened

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5
Q

What is anemnesis

A

The process of recollecting what we already knew before birth

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6
Q

What is rationalism

A

The belief that we create knowledge within our mind

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7
Q

What is a priori knowledge

A

Innate knowledge. Knowledge before experience

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8
Q

What did Aristotle believe in regards to platos forms

A

There is no separation between the form and the actual object

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9
Q

What is empiricism

A

The belief that we gather knowledge through our sense experiences

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10
Q

What does a posteriori mean

A

Knowledge from experiences

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11
Q

What three laws of thought did Aristotle introduce

A

Law of non-contradiction, law of the excluded middle, and the law of identity

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12
Q

What was platos criteria for knowledge

A

Justified true belief

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13
Q

What happened in Descartes first meditation?

A

He noticed that his senses are deceptive.
He can’t know for certain if he is awake or asleep
He is dreaming of things that do exist or versions of things that do
Therefore our mind is making rational inferences on things we have seen

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14
Q

What is a tabula rasa and who believed it

A

Blank slate, British empiricists John Locke and David Hume

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15
Q

How did Locke respond to philosophers claims that the eyes and ears deceive

A

He created primary and secondary qualities

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16
Q

What is epistemological dualism

A

It’s the belief that the observer and the object are separate and the observers ideas of the external objects are representations

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17
Q

What is the correspondence theory of truth

A

The theory that there is an external reality that humans are capable of mirroring accurately in their thoughts and knowledge

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18
Q

What did Berkeley contend regarding lockes primary and secondary qualities

A

Even primary qualities are interpreted by the observer

19
Q

What is esse est percipi and who said it

A

To be is to be perceived, George Berkeley

20
Q

What is the belief that their is no separation between the observer and the object

A

Subjective idealism

21
Q

What did Hume believe with the epistemological gap

A

That there is a separation between the object and the over server

22
Q

What term did Hume use to describe things like scientific propositions

A

Matter of fact/ analytic necessary

23
Q

What term did Hume use to describe the way our mind derives other propositions with relationships of words or numbers and adhering to grammatical rules

A

Relations of ideas/ synthetic impressions

24
Q

Can we be more certain of matter of facts or relations of ideas

A

Relations of ideas

25
Q

What are our synthetic a priori concepts

A

Time, space, motion, solidity, cause and effect

26
Q

What is the world that we can know with perception and our innate concepts

A

Phenomenal realm

27
Q

What is noumenal world

A

The world that is objective that we can never know

28
Q

What is the coherence theory of truth

A

The theory that things can only be proven true through their overall agreement or how they correspond to nature or reality

29
Q

What is the pragmatic theory of truth

A

There are limits to what we can assert as true and try acknowledge that we actively construct knowledge rather than passively take in it

30
Q

What did hillary Putnam say regarding “brains in a vat”

A

All our language gets meaning from experience if we were plugged into a at we wouldn’t have experiences and everything we saw would be meaningless

31
Q

What did Wittgenstein contend regarding the brain in a vat

A

Meanings aren’t in the head

32
Q

What did Heidegger believe on language

A

It helps us overcome subject-object duality and moves us from the foundational philosophers to post functional

33
Q

What did nietczhe believe about language

A

There is no truth if language is the basis of truth! Metaphors

34
Q

Who are nominalists

A

Anti-realists who argue that real things are mediated by our language and culture and are socially constructed

35
Q

What is foucalts nominalism

A

Chinese categories of animals.

36
Q

Who was Michael oakshott

A

A man who believed that civilized human beings are inheritors of conversation

37
Q

What is the importance of liberal education according to Plato

A

This education delivers prisoners from the realm of appearances to grasp the sun or good I’m itself

38
Q

What are aristotles three divisions of knowledge

A

Episteme, techne, phronesis

39
Q

Who believed that school are missing the key distinction between being informed and learning to make critical judgement in context

A

John Dewey

40
Q

What is wittgentsteins bustle of life

A

We understand concepts through their background (bustle of life) within human life

41
Q

What is Charles Taylor’s apt metaphor

A

Internalizing rules as well as the background context can gives us meaning

42
Q

What is bad faith

A

anyone who blames things other than themselves in a particular situation is exercising bad faith

43
Q

What is transcendental idealism

A

Kant’s fusion of rationalism and empiricism

44
Q

Why is truth saying important according to Socrates

A

It allows for telling the truth, knowing the truth, having people who tell the truth, how to recognize people that know the truth.

45
Q

What is Nietzsche view of truth seeking

A

Something to fight for not readily accept

Philosophy (6 decks)

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