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Philosophy > Chapter 4- Metaphysics > Flashcards

Chapter 4- Metaphysics Flashcards

0
Q

What is materialism

A

Matter is the ultimate reality

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1
Q

What is idealism?

A

The belief that mind is reality

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2
Q

What is monism?

A

The belief that reality is ultimately one all encompassing thing that is, matter or mind

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3
Q

What is dualism

A

The belief that reality consists of two fundamentally different things, matter and mind

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4
Q

What did Heraclitus believe

A

All things come and pass with accordance to the logos

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5
Q

What is paremenides monism

A

The belief that everything is timeless and unchanging. Nothing can deteriorate because those are forms of non being

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6
Q

What is platos idea of forms

A

That everything in the universe is partake of it’s form in heaven

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7
Q

Are forms vulnerable

A

No, forms can not be subjected to change

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8
Q

What is the ultimate truth and ultimate reality

A

It is empty

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9
Q

How many kinds of substances were there according to Descartes

A

2

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10
Q

What is a thinking substance according to Descartes

A

A thing that’s essence is thought

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11
Q

What is an extended substance

A

A thing that’s essence is to take up space

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12
Q

What was spinozas criticism of Descartes view of the substance

A

He said it was a contradiction to believe there are multiple kinds of substances. There can only be one that is only dependent on itself

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13
Q

Who believed that everything finite is an expression of the infinite substance

A

Spinoza

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14
Q

What did Heidegger attempt to do

A

Reawaken the sense of wonder

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15
Q

What is at the top of platos hierarchy of forms

A

Good

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16
Q

What is Abu nasr’s diagnosis of zasetsky

A

Zasetskys agent intellect is not damaged, but his active intellect is.

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17
Q

What are the four types of intellect

A

Potential, active, acquired, agent

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18
Q

What would be ibn sinas diagnosis

A

His mind is fine, his brain is damaged. This will heal when he dies

19
Q

What are Descartes six parts of the mind

A

Immateriality, unity, thinking, self-knowing, immortality, and innate ideas

20
Q

What would be lockes diagnosis

A

Zasetskys mind is greatly diminished. There is no difference between the mind and the brain and his blank slate is ruined

21
Q

What is kants diagnosis

A

Part of Zasetskys reality is damaged but he is still aware so it’s not that bad

22
Q

What is identity theory

A

Mental states are identical to brain states

23
Q

What was hillary putnams critique of identity theory

A

Activities going on in human minds could be going on in another animals. So we can’t just apply mental states to brain states

24
Q

What is the quaila criticism of identity theory

A

Conscious states are subjective and qualitative while brain states are not

25
Q

What is eliminative materialism

A

The belief that common sense psychology will be eliminated and replaced with neuroscience

26
Q

What are the three cosmological arguments according to Thomas aquinas

A

Prime mover, uncaused cause, independent from dependency

27
Q

What was Bertrand Russell’s criticism of the cosmological argument

A

There should be an explanation as to why the first cause is exempt from causation

28
Q

What are the 7 forms of atheism

A

Strong atheism, weak atheism,agnosticism, strong agnosticism, weak agnosticism, agnostic theism, apatheism

29
Q

What are the 5 arguments of atheism

A

Argument from poor design, argument from non belief, argument from parsimony, omnipotence paradox, argument from free will

30
Q

What is nihilism

A

The belief that life has no subjective or objective meaning. Nothing matters

31
Q

What is atheistic existentialism

A

The belief that because there is no objective meaning of life your meaning must be chosen by you

32
Q

What is the meaning of life in accordance to theistic existentialism

A

You give meaning to your life, love authentically

33
Q

What is ataraxia

A

The belief that true pleasure is an inner stillness, the belief that everything should be enjoyed in moderation

34
Q

Who is Tolstoy and what did he believe was the meaning of life according to him

A

Tolstoy is a man who became very successful but felt miserable. He had accomplished all of his dreams but had no foundation. He contemplated suicide but then he decided that the meaning of like was unrational faith

35
Q

Who believed that existence precedes essence! That you make your own meaning of life

A

Jean Paul Sarte

36
Q

What is the perceiver relativity argument

A

The belief that we can not judge the universe in anyway because we only see a little bit of the entirety of it

37
Q

What is the anthropic principle

A

The universe is just right for human life

38
Q

What did Schopenhauer relate the cosmological argument to in his critique and what did he say

A

A cab ride. The laws of causality are not so accommodating as to let itself be used as a hired cab

39
Q

What is Kant’s critique of the ontological argument

A

He said that existence is not a property of a thing rather it is a relationship a thing may or may mot have with reality

40
Q

What is deism

A

The belief that a supreme being created the world and set it in motion but does not intervene

41
Q

What is the ontological argument

A

People have innate ideas of the perfect God. If he is perfect then he just be perfect in all ways including the aspect of existence

42
Q

What would Descartes diagnoses of zasestsky be

A

Zasetskys mind is perfect it is just his brain that is experiencing some difficulty

43
Q

What did Heidegger believe in being

A

Philosophers have been very wrong! Being is not something special like a timeless form or substance

44
Q

What would cognitive science’s diagnosis of zasestsky be

A

He has severe but not reality threatening injuries

45
Q

According to Thomas nagel why can’t humans know what it’s like to be a bat

A

Because at most we can experiencing being a bat from a human perspective

46
Q

What is the new mysteria ism

A

The belief that the human mind is structured in a way that certain problems are unsolvable to it

Like the mind body problem

Philosophy (6 decks)

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